unit 2 biology long answer topics Flashcards
1
Q
Sampling of wild organisms
A
- sampling
- consideration
- point count, transect and remote detection
- quadrats
- capture techniques
- elusive species
2
Q
Health and safety
A
- hazards in fieldwork
- risk
- control measures
3
Q
Identification and taxonomy
A
- identifying organisms
- classifying by taxonomy or phylogenetics
- taxonomic groups and model organisms
4
Q
Monitoring populations
A
- indicator species
- susceptible/favoured species to monitor ecosystem
- mark and recapture
5
Q
Measuring and recording animal behaviour
A
- measurements to quantify behaviour: latency, frequency, duration
- ethogram
- anthropomorphism
6
Q
Drift and selection
A
- evolution
- natural selection
- sexual selection
- male-male rivalry and female choice
- genetic drift
- population bottlenecks and founder effects
- Hardy-weinberg principle
7
Q
Fitness
A
- absolute/relative fitness
- contribution to gene pool of next generation
8
Q
Co-evolution
A
- symbiotic interactions
- mutualism
- commencialism
- parasitism
- the red queen hypothesis
9
Q
Costs and benefits of sexual and asexual reproduction
A
- genetic variation
- the red queen hypothesis
- vegetive cloning or parthenogenesis
- horizontal gene transfer, prokaryotes
10
Q
Meiosis
A
- homologous chromosomes
- meiosis I
- chiasmata, linked genes and crossing over
- independent assortment
- cytokinesis
- meiosis II
11
Q
Sex determination
A
- sex chromosomes
- SRY gene on Y chromosome, lack homologous alleles
- random X inactivation at early stage
- hermaphrodites
- environmental factors
- resource availability
12
Q
Parental investment
A
- r and k selected species
- external fertilisation
- internal fertilisation
13
Q
Reproductive behaviours and mating systems in animals
A
- polygamy, polygyny and polyandry
- monogamy
- mate-selection courtship rituals
- sexual dimorphism
- female choice and honest signals
- lekking species
- male-male rivalry
14
Q
Niche
A
- ecological niche
- fundamental niche
- realised niche
- competitive exclusion
- resource partitioning
15
Q
The parasite niche
A
- parasitism
- narrow niche and host specific
- degenerate
- ectoparasite/endoparasite
