Gene to Protein

Question 1

What is gene expression?

Answer 1

Process by which DNA directs protein synthesis

Question 2

2 steps of gene expression

Answer 2

transcription and translation

Question 3

Transcription?

Answer 3

Synthesis of mRNA under direction of DNA

Question 4

Translation?

Answer 4

Synthesis of polypeptide using mRNA information. Ribosomes are sites of translation

Question 5

difference in tranlation and transcription in pro and eukaryotes?

Answer 5

mRNA translation can start before transcription has finished in prokaryotes while a nuclear envelope prevents this in eukaryotes

Question 6

primary transcript?

Answer 6

initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing

Question 7

central dogma

Answer 7

DNA -> RNA -> protein

Question 8

gene to protein information flow is through

Answer 8

triplet code: series of non-overlapping, 3 nucleotide words

Question 9

DNA template strand is used to generate what?

Answer 9

codons: mRNA base triplets 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 10

RNA synthesis is catalysed by?

Answer 10

RNA polymerase, which splits the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides

Question 11

part of the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches

Answer 11

PROMOTER

Question 12

in bacteria, the sequence signalling end of transcription is called?

Answer 12

TERMINATOR

Question 13

stretch of DNA that is transcribed is called?

Answer 13

transcription unit

Question 14

3 stages of transcription?

Answer 14

initiation, elongation and termination