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FlashCards > Psychology Unit 3 AOS2 > Flashcards

Psychology Unit 3 AOS2 Flashcards

1
Q

define antecedent

A

the stimulus or event that elicts a particular behaviour

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2
Q

define behaviour

A

the volunatary action that occurs in the presence of the antecdent

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3
Q

define consequence

A

the outcome of the behaviour determining the liklihood of it occurring again

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4
Q

define positive reinforcement

A

the addition of a desirable stimulus to increase a behaviour again

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5
Q

define negative reinforcement

A

the removal of undesirable stimulus to increase a behaviour

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6
Q

define positive punishment

A

the addition of a undesirable stimulus to decrease a behaviour

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7
Q

define negative punishment (response cost)

A

the removal of a desirable stimulus to decrease a behaviour

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8
Q

what are 2 similarities of CC and OC

A

both are behaviourist approaches to learning, and both are three phase processes of learning.

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9
Q

what are 2 differences of CC and OC

A

OC is voluntary and CC is involuntary, and OC has consequences whereas CC does not.

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10
Q

define model

A

the individual who is being observed preforming the behaviour

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11
Q

what are the 5 stages of OL

A
  1. Attention - Focusing on the model
  2. Retention - Visualing the behaviour with mental representation
  3. Reproduction - Being able to physically/mentally preform the behaviour
  4. Motivation - Wanting to preform
  5. Reinforcement - The positive consequence outcome of the behaviour.
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12
Q

define systems of knowledge

A

the skills/knowledge based on interconnected physical, spiritual and social understandings, contributing to strong sense of identity

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13
Q

define country

A

traditional lands of a particular language or cultural group, including geographical boundaries and emotional, intellectual and spiritual connections to it.

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14
Q

define multimodal

A

using a variety of methods

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15
Q

define story sharing, provide example

A

learning through narratives and story sharing for example sharing the dreaming stories

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16
Q

define symbols and images, provide example

A

learning through symbols, images and metaphors, for example art works

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17
Q

what are the 4 types of learning

A
  1. relationship between concepts
  2. between learner and teacher
  3. between families, communities, and individuals
  4. between country
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18
Q

define memory

A

the process of storing, encoding, and retrieving info that has been previously encountered

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19
Q

define sensory memory

A

the store of memory which briefly stores raw info detected by senses

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20
Q

define short term memory

A

a store of memory that temporarily stores limited amount of info being concisouly attended and actively manipulated

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21
Q

define rehearsal

A

controlled process which involves concisouly repeating or manipulating info in short term memory

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22
Q

define encoding

A

the process of converting info into useable form which can be manipulated and stored in brain

23
Q

define long term memory

A

the store of potentially unlimited amount of info stored for relatively permenant amount of time

24
Q

define storage

A

the retention of info over time

25
Q

define retrieval

A

the process of accessing info that has been stored in long term and bringing it into concious awareness in short term

26
Q

what are three types of rehearsal

A
  1. chunking
  2. matience rehearsal
  3. elaborative rehearsal
27
Q

what are strengths of model

A
  1. distinguishes between different stores
  2. good understanding of the structure and process of memory
28
Q

what are limitations of model

A
  1. oversimplified
  2. ignores factors such as motivation and stratgey
29
Q

what are the types of long term memory

A
  1. Explicit (Declaretive memory)
  2. Implict
30
Q

what are the types of explicit memory

A
  1. Semantic
  2. Episodic
31
Q

what are the types of implict memory

A
  1. Procedural
  2. Classically conditioned
32
Q

what is the hippocampus and its role

A

brain structure involved in encoding explicit memories

33
Q

what is amygdala and its role

A

brain structure involved in encoding emotional component of memories (classically conditioned and explict memories)

34
Q

what is neocortex and its role

A

brain structure which stores explict memories and procedural memories

35
Q

what is basal ganglia and its role

A

group of brain structures involved in encoding and storing implict memories (habit formation, procedural sequences, reward pathways)

36
Q

what is cerebellum and its role

A

brain structure involved in encoding and storing implict memories (unconscious habits, reflexes, precise movements)

37
Q

define autobiographical events

A

personally lived experiences

38
Q

define possible imagined futures

A

hypothetical experiences and situations that an individual has the ability to create and conceptualize in their mind

39
Q

define neurodegenerative diseases

A

disease charatcerised by the progressive loss of neurons in the brain

40
Q

define alzheimers disease

A

neurodegenerative disease involves progressive loss of neurons in brain causing memory loss/decline

41
Q

symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • personality change
  • changes in mood and emotion
  • becoming confused and disorientated
42
Q

define lesion

A

area of tissue in brain that has been damaged

43
Q

define amyloid plaques

A

fragments of protein beta amyloid that turn into insoluble plaques which prevent communication between neurons

44
Q

define neurofibrillary tangles

A

accumlation of protein tau that forms insoluable tangles within neurons, preventing transportation of essential substances killing the neuron

45
Q

define aphantasia

A

the phenomeon in which individuals lack the capacity to generate mental imagery

46
Q

define mental imagery

A

visual repersentations and experiences of sensory info without the presence of sensory stimuli

47
Q

define mnemonics

A

devices or techniques used to aid the encoding, storage, and retrieval of info

48
Q

define written traditions

A

practices in which knowledge, stories, and customs are preserved through writing and reading

49
Q

define acronym

A

mnemonic device in which the first letter of items form pronounceable word to aid memory

50
Q

define acrostics

A

mnemonic device in which the first letter of items create a phrase, rhyme, or poem to aid memory

51
Q

define method of loci (memory palace)

A

mnemonic device converting mental images and associates them with specific locations to aid memory

52
Q

define oral traditions

A

practices in which knowledge, stories and customs are preserved and shared through spoken word and movement

53
Q

define sung narratives

A

stories that share important cultural, ecological, and survival info through the use of singing, harmony or rhythm

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