Unit 12 & 13: Primary and secondary emotions

Question 1

What are primary emotions?

Answer 1

integral components of individual’s emotional range
have distinct recognizable triggers
-> consistent behavioral, cognitive and social outcomes

Question 2

What are self-conscious emotions?

Answer 2

emotions created by events that have implications for self-evaluation
e.g. pride, shame, guilt, etc.

Question 3

Envy

Answer 3

aims to equalize status of oneself and others by:
- elevating oneself (benign envy)
- lowering others (malicious envy)

Question 4

Gratitude

Answer 4

stems from gift that entails cost to the giver
-> benefit detector
enhances relationship satisfaction
inspires proactive behavior

Question 5

Disappointment & regret

Answer 5

absence of favorable result
-> resignation (disappointment)
-> lesson to approach future decisions more earnestly (regret)

Question 6

Hope

Answer 6

inspires perseverance in pursuit of goals

Question 7

Empathy

Answer 7

originates in mimicry and perspective-taking
heightens sense of closeness with others
fosters prosocial mindset

Question 8

Compassion

Answer 8

aims to alleviate suffering of others
-> empathizing with suffering (negative compassion)
-> blend of suffering and comforting feelings (positive emotion)

Question 9

Happiness

Answer 9

subjective state of mental well-being
-> positive perception of life, lacking negative emotions and focusing on positive ones

Question 10

How does happiness encompass cognitive aspects?

Answer 10

leads to reflection and assessment of life to determine progress of things

Question 11

What are two crucial aspects regarding happiness?

Answer 11

subjective well-being as a process: happiness arises from actions, not possessions
subjective well-being advantageous for effective life functioning: greater future health, work engagement, etc.