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HEALTH ASSESSMENT - EENT > Neurological Assessment > Flashcards

Neurological Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System
Divided into two regions

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

CNS - Brain

A

Control center of body
Covered and protected by scalp, skull, and meninges
Blood brain barrier

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3
Q

CNS - BRAIN PARTS:

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brain Stem

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4
Q

right and left hemispheres, frontal, parietal, occipital & temporal lobes

A

Cerebrum

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5
Q

(thalamus and hypothalamus) body temp, sleep

A

Diencephalon

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6
Q

position sense, posture & equilibrium/balance

A

Cerebellum

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7
Q

(medulla oblongata, pons & midbrain) resp. & cardiac regulation, sneezing

A

Brain Stem

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8
Q

Lobes of the Cerebrum

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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9
Q

somatic sensory center

A

Frontal

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10
Q

higher intellect, speech production, personality, behavior, emotions, voluntary movement

A

Parietal

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11
Q

hearing, memory, speech perception and translation

A

Temporal

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12
Q

vision

A

Occipital

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13
Q

CNS – Spinal Cord: ECGM

A

Extends from medulla to the level of the first lumbar vertebra
Cord protected by vertebra, meninges and cerebral spinal fluid
Gray matter is on the inside and white matter on the outside
Mediates deep tendon reflexes

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14
Q

Spinal Roots

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves

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15
Q

posterior roots?

A

sensory

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16
Q

anterior roots?

A

motor

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17
Q

damage to posterior roots?

A

loss of sensation

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18
Q

damage to anterior roots?

A

flaccid paralysis

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19
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): TEX

A

-The PNS links CNS with the rest of the body
-External environmental information received and transmitted via PNS
-Cold, wet, hot, pain

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20
Q

Spinal Nerves: CTLSC

A

Cervical 8 pairs C1-C8
Thoracic 12 pairs T1-T12
Lumbar 5 pairs L1-L5
Sacral 5 pairs S1-S5
Coccygeal 1 pair Coccyx

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21
Q

Reflex

A
  • Rapid involuntary predictable motor response to a stimulus. Reflex arc, is not dependent on the brain.
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22
Q

Skeletal muscle contraction

A

Somatic

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23
Q

Cardiac, smooth muscle and glands

A

Autonomic

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24
Q

Assessment

A
  • Three basic types of neurologic examination
  • Check Mental Status
  • Equipments
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25
Q

Three basic types of neurologic examination

A

Screening neurologic exam
Complete neurologic exam – neurologic concerns
Neurologic recheck exam

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26
Q

Level of consciousness (LOC)/orientated, intact recent and remote memory: CODILEDECOGLA

A

Confusion/disorientation
Lethargy
Delirium
Coma
Glasgow Coma Scale – eye opening, verbal response, motor response

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27
Q

Cognitive abilities and mentation: MM

A

Mini Mental State Examination
Mental Status Exam

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28
Q

GLASGOW COMA SCALE: eye opening STTN

A

spontaneous 4
to sound 3
to pain 2
never 1

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29
Q

GLASGOW COMA SCALE: Motor response OLNAEN

A

6-1
Obeys commands
Localizes pain
Normal Flexion ( withdrawal )
Abnormal Flexion
Extension
None

30
Q

GLASGOW COMA SCALE: Verbal response OCIIN

A

5-1
Oriented
Confused Conversation
Inappropriate words
Incomprehensible sound
None

31
Q

The GlasgowComaScale (GCS) is a calculated scale that determines a patient’s level of consciousness. Medical professionals use it to evaluate patients with:

A

traumaticbrain injury
altered mental status

32
Q

The scale measures three categories:

A

Eye opening (E)
Motor response (M)
Verbal response (V)

33
Q

The GCS score is the sum of the score in each of the three categories, with a maximum score of 15 (normal) and a minimum score of 3 (deep unconsciousness), as follows:

A

GCS score = E + M + V

34
Q

Score 13-15:

A

Mild Head Injury

35
Q

Score 9-12:

A

Moderate Head Injury

36
Q

Score of 8 or less:

A

Severe Head injury

37
Q

Mental Status: LCPBA

A
  • Level of consciousness orientated, intact recent and remote memory
    -Cognitive abilities and mentation
  • Physical appearance, dress, grooming hygiene
  • behavior affect and facial expression
    -assess thought context/process
38
Q

Speech and Language: QRVF

A

Quality
rate
Volume
Fluency

39
Q

Fluency – Abnormal patterns

A

Aphonia/dysphonia
Cerebellar dysarthria

40
Q

difficulty/discomfort in talking (laryngeal disease)

A

aphonia/dysphonia

41
Q

distorted speech sounds, may sound unintelligible, basic language intact

A

cerebellar dysarthria

42
Q

isa language disorder that makes it hard for you to read, write, and say what you mean to say. Sometimes it makes it hard to understand what other people are saying, too. Aphasia is not a disease. It’s a symptom of damage to the parts of the brain that control language.

A

Aphasia

43
Q

Speech Abnormalities: Aphasia

A

Broca’s
Global
Wernicke’s

44
Q

Thought Processes and Perception: PAI

A

Perceptions
Ability to make a decision/judgment
Insight

45
Q

Cognitive Abilities and Mentation: IRRAI

A

immediate memory
recent memory
remote memory
abstract reasoning skills
interpretation of stimuli

46
Q

Cranial Nerves: oh oh oh to touch and feel virgin girls vagina ah heaven

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
facial
Vestibulcochlear
glossopharynx
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

47
Q

Motor System
Comatose posturing: DDFO

A

Decorticate Rigidity
Decerebrate Rigidity
Flaccid Quadriplegia
Opisthotonos

48
Q

Motor System (Cerebellum): CG

A

Coordination
Gait and Balance

49
Q

is a term fora group of disorders that affect coordination, balance and speech. Any part of the body can be affected, but people with ataxia often have difficulties with: balance, walking, speaking.

A

Ataxia

50
Q

Gait Abnormalities: SCPSSW

A

Spastic hemiparesis
cerebellar ataxia
Parkinsonian
Scissor
Steppage/footdrop
Waddling

51
Q

Motor System: MT

A

Muscle size, strength, tone bilaterally
Tremor differentiation

52
Q

Tremor Type: RAPIKI

A

Resting
Action
Postural
Isometric
Kinetic
Intention

53
Q

Sensory Assessment: EPC

A

Exteroceptive sensation
Proprioceptive sensation
Cortical sensation

54
Q

(also termed superficial sensation): receptors in skin and mucous membranes

A

Exteroceptive sensation

55
Q

(also termed deep sensation): receptors located in muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints

A

Proprioceptive sensation

56
Q

interpretative sensory functions that require analysis of individual sensory modalities by the parietal lobes to provide discrimination. Individual sensory modalities must be intact to measure cortical sensation.

A

Cortical sensation

57
Q

Client sitting
Eyes closed
“Say where you are touched.”
Compare bilaterally, and distally to proximally.

A

Light Touch

58
Q

Close eyes
Strike fork & start on most distal bony prominence & work medially with neuropathy
Ask when do you feel the vibration start and when do you feel the vibration stop.

A

Vibratory Sensation

59
Q

Close eyes
Place object in hand
“Identify object.”
Test bilaterally with different objects.
Note speed and accuracy

A

Stereognosis

60
Q

unable to identify object

A

Astereognosis

61
Q

Close eyes
Draw letter or number on hand
“Identify figure.”
Test bilaterally
Note speed and accuracy

A

Graphesthesia (Parietal Lobe)

62
Q

inability to identify figure

A

Agraphesthesia

63
Q

continued movement after stimulations removed

A

Clonus

64
Q

Meningeal Irritation: NKB

A

Nuchal rigidity
Kernig’s sign
Brudzinski’s sign

65
Q

Assess for increased intracranial pressure (ICP): LMPV

A

Level of consciousness (LOC)
Motor function
Pupillary response
Vital signs

66
Q

Newborn reflexes: RSPMTB

A

Rooting
Sucking
Palmar grasp
Moro
tonic neck
Babinski

67
Q

this reflexstarts when the corner of the baby’s mouth is stroked or touched. The baby will turn his or her head and open his or her mouth to follow and root in the direction of the stroking.

A

Rooting

68
Q

When something touches a baby’s palate, he or she starts to suck it.

A

sucking

69
Q

stroking the palm of a baby’s hand causes the baby to close his or her fingers in agrasp

A

Palmar Grasp

70
Q

it is a normal reflex for an infant when he or she is startled or feels like they are falling. The infant will have a startled look and the arms will fling out sideways with the palms up and the thumbs flexed

A

Moro

71
Q

hen a baby’s head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm bends up at the elbow.

A

Tonic Neck-

72
Q

occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. The big toe then moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot.

A

Babinski

HEALTH ASSESSMENT - EENT (10 decks)

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