N&V clinical Flashcards
what are the GI causes of N&V
gastroenteritis
peptic ulceration
appendicitis
gastric carcinoma
infection
what diseases can cause N&V
renal failure - high urea
DKA
MI (pain/position)
what is motion sickness
conflicting information between eyes and body most common in kids 3-12 y/o
what are the CNS causes of N&V
migraine
meningitis
vestiular disease
which antibiotics can cause N&V
opiates
antibiotics - doxycycline
levodopa
theophylline/aminophylline
digoxin
chemotherapy
what are the three mechanisms that drugs can induce N&V
- mimics the action of neurotransmitters (opiates/levodopa)
- causing a change in neurotransmitter levels (5HT3 re-uptake inhibitors)
- activation of peripheral abdominal afferent system
- delaying gastric emptying
- direct activation of mucosal afferent system
what are the symptoms of meniere’s disease
incapacitating, sudden onset attacks of
- giddiness
- vertigo
- N&V
- hearing loss
- tinnitus
what is meniere’s disease
inner ear disorder causing excess fluid in labyrinth canals
what is vertigo
sensation of rotating or spinning
pt spinning - objective
surroundings spinning - subjective
what are the potential causes of vertigo
labyrinthitis - young people
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo - in the elderly
head injury
concussion
excess alcohol
MS
vestibular toxic drugs
which drugs are vestibular toxic
aminoglycosides
anticonvulsants
furosemide
NSAIDs high dose long term
quinine
what is morning sickness
sickness caused by high HGC levels between 10-14 weeks of pregnancy
what is hyperemesis gravidarum
- Severe, persistent N&V during pregnancy
- Cannot keep any food or fluid down at all
- Weight loss, dehydration, acidosis and ketosis can happen if not treated
what are the referral points for N&V
- severity
- duration
- severe diarrhoea or duration
- weight loss
- abdominal pain
- dizziness
what are the treatment options or N&V
H1 receptor antagonists
muscarinic antagonists
D2 receptor antagonists
5HT3 receptor antagonists
NK1 receptor antagonists
