Adaptations to Anaerobic Training Flashcards
Which energy system powers very short sprints or drills of < 10 seconds?
The phosphagen system
Which energy system powers longer duration, interval-type Anaerobic exercise?
The glycolytic system
According to this principle, motor units are recruited in an ascending order according to their recruitment thresholds and firing rates; low-threshold motor units (typically lower force capability) are recruited first and then high-threshold motor units (typically higher force capability) are recruited secondary
Size Principle
An exception to the size principal that occurs when higher threshold motor units are activated WITHOUT activating lower threshold units during high force production movements
Selective Recruitment
Changes to what system are most responsible for the “gains” seen in the first 6-10 weeks of starting an exercise program
Nervous system; neural adaptations
____ is primarily responsible for gains in strength and power seen over longer-term training (greater than 10 weeks)
Hypertrophy
The force produced when both limbs contract together is lower than the sum of the forces they produce when contracting unilaterally; typically seen in beginners
Bilateral Deficit
Increase activation of motor units when limbs are contracted together versus unilaterally; typically seen in advanced athletes
Bilateral Facilitation
____refers to the enlargement of muscle fiber cross sectional area (CSA)
Hypertrophy
What 2 changes occur in a muscle during hypertrophy to effectively increase the muscle size?
1) Increase synthesis of the contractile proteins actin and myosin within the myofibril and 2) increase in the number of myofibrils within the muscle itself
___refers to muscle protein synthesis and subsequent muscle growth
Myogenesis
Type II (fast-twitch) muscles typically manifest greater or lower increases in size with hypertrophy training than Type I (slow-twitch) muscles?
Greater; athletes with a higher proportion of Type II fibers may have a greater potential for increasing muscle mass
True or False: Anaerobic training can change the muscle fiber sub-type, changing Type IIx muscle fibers to a more oxidative Type IIa
True
How does anaerobic training affect the pennation angle of pennate muscles (fascicles attached obliquely)?
Increases the pennation angle; larger pennation angle can accommodate greater protein deposition and allow for greater increases in muscle cross-sectional area
Why type of bone cell initates bone re-modeling (building); making deposits in the spaces between bone cells to increase strength
Osteoblasts
