Adaptations to Aerobic Endurance Training Flashcards
Amount of blood pumped by the heart in liters per minute.
Represented by stroke volume x heart rate
Cardiac Output
Quantity of blood ejected with each beat
Stroke Volume
The volume of blood available to be pumped by the left ventricle at the end of the filling stage (diastole)
End-diastolic Volume
The percentage of the blood in the left ventricle that is expelled when the heart contracts
Ejection fraction
Equation for oxygen uptake
VO2 = ____ x ___
Q (cardiac output) x aVO2 difference (arteriovenous oxygen difference between arterial and venous blood)
Pressure of blood exerted against the arterial walls as the heart is contracting and blood is being expelled
Systolic blood pressure
Pressure exerted against the arterial walls when no blood is being expelled
Diastolic blood pressure
Average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
Mean arterial pressure; generally is closer to the diastolic number than the systolic number
The volume of air breathed per minute
Minute ventilation
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath
Tidal volume
Only a small amount of oxygen can travel freely in the blood plasma so the majority of oxygen is transported how?
Via hemoglobin (red blood cells)
How is carbon dioxide removed/transported to the lungs?
Combined with water to form carbonic acid; hemoglobin then accepts the H+ ions, and the remaining bicarbonate acid diffuses into plasma and is transported in blood stream to lungs
How is lactic acid removed?
Via the Cori Cycle; lactate is transported in the bloodstream to the liver where it undergoes gluconeogenesis (if Aerobic metabolism is sufficient)
What muscular adaptations are seen with Type I and Type II muscle fibers with Aerobic training?
Type I undergoes selective hypertrophy due to increased recruitment; Type IIx changes to Type IIa which has a greater oxidative capacity and more similarly resembles Type I fibers
___ is the protein that transports oxygen within the cell
Myoglobin
