endocrine system Flashcards
what is the endocrine system
it is a system of glands and hormones and the regulate body and organ function and they influence cell growth
what do the hormones in the endocrine system do
they tell the cells what to do
what does the hormone regulation system consist of
the anterior pituitary, the thyroid and the hypothalamus
what is the function of the hypothalamus
it maintains homeostasis and produces hormones that send signals to the pituitary
what hormones do the hypothalamus produce
Growth hormone releasing hormone
thyroid releasing hormone
prolactin releasing hormone
gonadotrophin releasing hormone
corticotrophic releasing hormone
what are the target pituitary goands if the hormones
thyrotrophs
lactotrophs
sonstotrophs
gonsdotrophs
corticotrophs
describe the pituitary glands
they are pea sized and hang on the interior surface of the hypothalamus
they have 2 lobes, antwrior and posterior
the anterior releases 6 hormones when signal is send from the hypothalamus
the posterior stores 2
what is the function of the pineal gland
to produce melatonin
what is the thyroid
a gland anterior to the trachea
it produces tridothhyrodine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)
consists of to lobes
T3 and T4 are formed by a combination of tyrosine and iodine and they control heart rate
what is hypothyroidism
not enough T3/T4
what is hyperthyroidism
too much T3/T4
how is imaging used
ultrasound for nodules and detecting lesions
nuclear medicine thyroid scans for functional info
CT scans for primary and secondary lesions
what is parathyroid
these are 4 small glands on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland and they regulate calcium levels by releasing PTH
PTH increases Vitamin D in kidneys
what are the adrenal glands
they lie on the surface of kidneys and consist if the cortex and medulla
