16-Cell communication - signal transduction mechanisms Flashcards Preview

PODT- Genetics and Cell Biology > 16-Cell communication - signal transduction mechanisms > Flashcards

Flashcards in 16-Cell communication - signal transduction mechanisms Deck (16)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is cell communication?

A

Ability to sense, interpret and intergrate signals from their environment through biological responses

2
Q

What is cell signalling?

A

Simple responses of cells such as growing dividing dying

3
Q

What are the different forms of cell communication?

A
Paracrine signalling (local)
Synaptic signalling (local)
Autocrine signalling (local)
Endocrine (long distance)
Nervous system (long distance)
cell-cell signalling
4
Q

Describe the mechanism of GPCR (G-protein cell receptor) signalling

A

Used by diverse ligands for rapid response

GPCR activates G-proteins by swapping GDP for GTP

5
Q

What is the role of G-proteins in GPCR signalling?

A

G- proteins activate enzymes that generate “second messengers” in the cell

6
Q

What are second messengers? and give an example

A

Small molecules with key functions inside cells

cAMP

7
Q

How Receptor Tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling functions?

A

Receptors form dimers that span the plasma membrane more than once
Receptors are enxzymes that phosphorylate tyrosine amino acids

8
Q

What is the role of tyrosine phosphorylation?

A

On/Off switch for RTKs depend on phosphorylation of tyrosine

9
Q

What are examples of local cell signalling?

A
Contact 
Cell- cell signalling 
Paracrine 
Autocrine 
Synaptic
10
Q

What are examples of long distance cell signalling?

A

Endocrine

Neuronal

11
Q

What is paracrine signalling?

A

Signalling in which the target cell is close to the signal releasing cell, and signal chemical is broken down too quickly to be carried to other parts of the body

12
Q

What is synaptic signalling?

A

From a nerve to a target cell

13
Q

What is autocrine signalling?

A

Is a form of signalling in which a cell secretes a chemical messenger that signals the same cell

14
Q

Name different types of cellular receptors that are plasma membrane bound

A

G-protein coupled receptors
Enzyme linked receptors
Ion channel receptors

15
Q

Name different types of cellular receptors that are intracellular?

A

steriod hormones

16
Q

Name different types of cellular receptors that are local signalling-gases

A

nitric oxide