Lecture 2- The Cell

Question 1

What are histones?

Answer 1

Protein that is used as “spools” to allow efficient packaging of chromosones and DNA

Question 2

How many bonds between Adenine and Thymine?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

How many bonds between Cytosine and guanine?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Difference in ionic and covalent bonding

Answer 4

ionic - exchange of electrons (metal and non- metal)

covalent- sharig of electrons (two non-metals)

Question 5

Why is there no rotation in C=C bonds?

Answer 5

No rotation as bonds are shorter and rigid. The atoms are on the same plane and therefore have no rotation.

Question 6

What is meat by hydrophilic?

Answer 6

Water loving

Question 7

What is meat by hydrophobic?

Answer 7

Water hating - repels water

Question 8

What is a polymer?

Answer 8

collection of smaller molecules put together

Question 9

what are homopolymers?

Answer 9

polymers made from many copies of the same molecule

Question 10

What are heteropolymers?

Answer 10

Polymers created from different assemblies of different building blocks

Question 11

What is a polymer of sugar?

Answer 11

Polysaccharide

Question 12

What is a polymer of carbon?

Answer 12

Fat/lipid

Question 13

What is a polymer of nucleotide bases in specific sequences?

Answer 13

nucleic acids

Question 14

What is the name given to a polymer with 20 different amino acid in a specific sequence?

Answer 14

Protein

Question 15

What is the simplest sugar?

Answer 15

Monosaccharides

Question 16

Give 3 examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 16

Glucose, manose, galactose

Question 17

What is the bond within complex sugars?

Answer 17

Gylcosidic

Question 18

What makes up sucrose?

Answer 18

Glucose and Fructose

Question 19

What makes up maltose?

Answer 19

Glucose x2

Question 20

What makes up galactose?

Answer 20

Glucose and galactose

Question 21

A short chain of large linear and branched molecules made from repeating units is know as?

Answer 21

Oligosaccharides

Question 22

A large chain of large linear and branched molecules made from repeating units is know as?

Answer 22

Polysaccharides

Question 23

What is gylocen?

Answer 23

A polysaccharide in the storage form of glucose (stable)

Question 24

What does insulin do?

Answer 24

Converts blood glucose to glycogen

Question 25

What happens when you are starving?

Answer 25

Glycogen is converted to blood glucose

Question 26

What is the function of glycoproteins?

Answer 26

1. Prevents blood cells sticking together 2. Cell communication 3. Cellular identity?

Question 27

What does amphipathic mean?

Answer 27

Contains both hydrophillic and hydrophobic regions?

Question 28

What does the tightness of the packing of the membrane correspond to?

Answer 28

The fluidity

Question 29

How many base pairs in the human genome?

Answer 29

3 billion

Question 30

Code for aspartic acid

Answer 30

Asp D

Question 31

Code for glutamic acid

Answer 31

Glu E

Question 32

Code for arginine

Answer 32

Arg R

Question 33

Code for Lysine

Answer 33

Lys K

Question 34

Code for histdine

Answer 34

His h

Question 35

Code for Asparagine

Answer 35

Asn n

Question 36

Code for serine

Answer 36

Ser s

Question 37

Code for threonine

Answer 37

Thr T

Question 38

Code for Tyrosine

Answer 38

Tyr Y

Question 39

Code for alanine

Answer 39

Ala A

Question 40

Code for glycine

Answer 40

Gly G

Question 41

Code for valine

Answer 41

Val V

Question 42

Code for Leucine

Answer 42

LeuL

Question 43

Code for isoleucine

Answer 43

Ile I

Question 44

Code for Proline

Answer 44

Pro P

Question 45

Code for Phenylalanine

Answer 45

Phe F

Question 46

Code for methionine

Answer 46

Met M

Question 47

Code for tryptophan

Answer 47

Trp W

Question 48

Code for Cysteine

Answer 48

Cys C

Question 49

What is a Zwitterion?

Answer 49

A compound with no overall charge, but which contains separate parts which are positively and negatively charged.

Question 50

Structure of Protein

Answer 50

Primary (Amino acid sequence-covalent bonds) Secondary (a-helix, b-sheet-H-bonds) Tertiary (3D structure of the protein-hydrophobic bonds) Quaternary (multi-protein complex)

Question 51

Examples of protein folding gone wrong?

Answer 51

CF and Alzheimers disease

Question 52

What is CF

Answer 52

Mutations in the Cl ion channel causing misfolding of the channel that prevents the correct Cl- transport

Question 53

What causes Alzhiemers disease?

Answer 53

Misfolding and aggregation of a protein called beta -amyloid