16. Digestive System

Question 1

Functions of Digestive System

Answer 1

1. Ingestion
2. DIgestion
3. Absorption
4. Elimination

Question 2

Consists of digestive tract (gastrointestinal tract) plus associated organs.

Answer 2

Digestive SYstem

Question 3

What are these?
1. Oral cavity or mouth
2. Pharynx (throat)
3. The esophagus
4. The stomach
5. Small and large intestines
6. Anus

Answer 3

Digestive Tract

Question 4

The stratified epithelium protects them from the abrasion of chewing and swallowing

Answer 4

Oral Cavity and the Esophagus

Question 5

The columnar epithelium (absorption of nutrients and secretion of digestive fluids)

Answer 5

Stomach and Intestine

Question 6

Four major tunics or layers of digestive tract

Answer 6

1. Mucosa
   2.Submucosa
2. Muscularis
3. Serosa

Question 7

Serous membrane that covers the organ

Answer 7

Peritoneum

Question 8

Connective tissue sheets that hold in place the organs of the abdominal cavity.

Answer 8

Mesenteries

Question 9

Life-threatening inflammation of the peritoneal membranes

Answer 9

Peritonitis

Question 10

Bounded by the lips and cheeks which contains the teeth and tongue

Answer 10

Oral Cavity/Mouth

Question 11

Reddish-pink appearance that formed mostly by the orbicularis oris muscle.

Answer 11

Lips

Question 12

Form the lateral walls of the oral cavity

Answer 12

Cheeks

Question 13

Large muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity which is covered by the papillae, some of which contain taste buds

Answer 13

Tongue

Question 14

32 in normal adult mouth and is located in mandible and maxillae.

Answer 14

Teeth

Question 15

Regions of tooth

Answer 15

1. Crown (the visible portion)
2. Neck (small region between the root and crown)
3. Root (largest region of the tooth

Question 16

Within the center of the tooth

Answer 16

Pulp Cavity

Question 17

Breakdown of enamel by acids produced by bacteria on the tooth surface

Answer 17

Dental Caries/Tooth Decay

Question 17

Roof of the oral cavity which prevents the food from passing into the nasal cavity

Answer 17

Palate

Question 18

Front-line defense forming the initial immunological response to inhaled or ingested pathogens

Answer 18

Tonsils

Question 19

3 Major of pairs of salivary glands

Answer 19

1. Parotid Glands
2. Submandibular Glands
3. Sublingual Glands

Question 20

Inflammation of the parotid gland caused by a viral infecion

Answer 20

Mumps

Question 21

A versatile fluid that helps keep the oral cavity moist and contains enzymes.

Answer 21

Saliva

Question 22

Digestion of polysaccharides by salivary amylase enhances the sweet taste of food

Answer 22

Salivary Amylase

Question 23

Mildly antibacterial enzyme that prevents bacterial infections in the mouth

Answer 23

Lysozyme

Question 24

Chewing by the teeth which breaks the large food particles into many small ones to increase surface area

Answer 24

Mastication

Question 25

Connects the mouth with the esophagus

Answer 25

Pharynx

Question 26

This has 3 phases: 1. Voluntary Phase 2. Pharyngeal Phase 3. Esophageal Phase

Answer 26

Swallowing

Question 27

Muscular tube, lined with moist stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 27

Esophagus

Question 28

-Primarily houses food for mixing with hydrochloric acid and other secretions -enlarged segment of the digestive tract

Answer 28

Stomach

Question 29

Stomach Secretions from the Gastric Glands include:

Answer 29

1. Hydrochloric Acid 2. Pepsin 3. Mucus 4. Intrinsic Factor

Question 30

Kills microorganism and activates the enzyme, pepsin.

Answer 30

Hydrochloric Acid

Question 31

Breaks covalent bonds of proteins

Answer 31

Pepsin

Question 32

Forms a thick layer, which lubricates the epithelial cells of the stomach wall

Answer 32

Mucus

Question 33

Binds with vitamin b12

Answer 33

Intrinsic Factor

Question 34

A painful or burning sensation in the chest

Answer 34

Heartburn or Gastritis

Question 35

2 Types of Stomach Movement

Answer 35

1. Mixing Waves 2. Peristaltic Waves

Question 36

The major site of digestion and absorption of food

Answer 36

Small Intestine

Question 37

4 Major Cell Types of the Small Intestine's Mucosa

Answer 37

1. Absorptive Cells (produce digestive enzymes) 2. Goblet Cells (produce a protective mucus) 3. Granular Cells (protect the intestinal epithelium) 4. Endocrine Cells (produce regulatory hormones)

Question 38

Largest internal organ of the body

Answer 38

Liver

Question 39

There are two lobes of the liver which are the right and left lobe. What separates the two lobes?

Answer 39

Falciform Ligament

Question 40

What are the two sources of blood

Answer 40

1. Hepatic Artery 2. Hepatic Portal Vein

Question 41

What are these? 1. Digestive and secretion 2. Storage and processing of nutrients 3. Detoxification of harmful chemicals 4. Synthesis of new molecules

Answer 41

Functions of the Liver

Question 42

An important contributor to the liver's digestive functions

Answer 42

Bile

Question 43

A complex organ composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissues that perform several functions

Answer 43

Pancreas

Question 44

This is a lipid-digesting enzyme

Answer 44

Lipase

Question 45

The large intestine is consist of: CCRA

Answer 45

Cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

Question 46

This facilitates the transit of ingested material, requiring approximately 18-24 hours for completion

Answer 46

Large Intestine

Question 47

What are these: 1. Feces Formation 2. Microbial Activity 3. Mass Movements 4. Defecation Reflex

Answer 47

Functions of the Large Intestine

Question 48

The breakdown of food molecules that are small enough to be absorbed into the circulation

Answer 48

Digestion

Question 49

A digestion that breaks arge food particles into smaller ones

Answer 49

Mechanical Digestion

Question 50

Uses enzyme to break covalent chemical bonds in organic molecules

Answer 50

Chemical Digestion

Question 51

Consists primarily of starches, cellulose, sucrose and small amounts of fructose

Answer 51

Carbohydrates

Question 52

an energy storage molecule in plants

Answer 52

Starch

Question 53

Forms the walls of plant cells

Answer 53

Cellulose

Question 54

An energy-storage molecule in animals and is contained in muscle and in the liver.

Answer 54

Glycogen

Question 55

-Insoluble or only slightly soluble in water -include triglycerides, phospholipids steroids, and fat-soluble vitamines

Answer 55

Lipids

Question 56

Secreted by the pancreas, digest lipid molecules

Answer 56

Lipase

Question 57

chains of amino acids found in most of the plant and animal products we eat

Answer 57

Proteins

Question 58

Any change in bowel habits involving increased stool frequency or volume or increased stool fluidity.

Answer 58

Diarrhea