Devt, Heredity, and Aging Flashcards
Tite (42 cards)
process encompassing the
period from the formation of an
embryo, through the development of a
fetus, to birth.
Prenatal Development
Prenatal Periods
- Germinal Stage
- Embryonic Stage
- Fetal Stage
During the first 2 weeks
Germinal Stage
From about the second to the eight week of development
Embryonic Stage
During the last 7 months of prenatal period
Fetal Stage
Union of a sperm cell and an oocyte, along with their genetic material to produce a new individual
Fertilization
-a pre-requirement for fertilization.
-happens in the uterus. Functional
maturation of the spermatozoon.
Capacitation
a cluster of dividing cells
made by a fertilized egg. It’s the early
stage of an embryo.
Blastocyst
is a vital connecting
organ between the maternal
uterus and the fetus
Placenta
process of cell migration and the formation of three distinct germ layers.
Gastrulation
a birth defect wherein
much of the brain fails to form
because the neural tube did not
close in the region of the head.
No brain
Anencephaly
can range from a simple defect with one or more vertebral spinous processes split or missing but no
clinical manifestation to a more severe defect that can result in paralysis of the limbs or the bowels and bladder, depending on where the defect occurs.
Split Spine
Spina Bifida
Fine, soft hair called ________ covers the fetus, and a waxy coat of loose epithelial cells called _________ ________ forms a protective layer between the fetus and the amniotic fluid.
- Lanugo
- Vernix Caseosa
The process by which the baby is born
Parturition
The period during which uterine contractions occur that result in expulsion of the fetus.
Labor
Three Stages of Labor
- Dilation Stage
- Expulsion Stage
- Placental Stage
A membrane that closely covers
the human and various other
embryos when first formed.
Amnion
A clear liquid that surrounds your
baby in the uterus during
pregnancy.
Amniotic Fluid
Lasts from one (1) minute to
one (1) hour or more.
Contraction of the woman’s
abdominal muscle occurs
that assists the uterine
contractions.
Expulsion Stage
Factors that influence parturition
- progesterone
- Estrogen
- Prostaglandins
- Oxytoxin
fetal lungs produce a substance called ________, which coats the inner surface of the alveoli, reduces surface tension in the lungs, and allows the newborn lungs to inflate.
Surfactant
the production of milk by the
mammary glands.
lactation
For the first few days following parturition, the
mammary glands secrete _________, a high-protein
material that contains many antibodies.
Colostrum
-Process of gradual maturation
-Capacity for cell division and the
capacity for growth and function are
lost over time leading to death
Aging Process
