16 - Practical Techniques

Question 1

General quickfit

Answer 1

• round bottom or pear flask
• adaptor
• still head (branching)
• condenser
• receiver

Question 2

Heating under reflux

Answer 2

• flask clamped around neck
• anti bumping added to boil smoothly
• Liebig condenser attached around adaptor with grease if needed
• heating mantle used and no naked flames

Question 3

Heating by distillation

Answer 3

• flash clamped around neck and still head connected
• condenser on one side and screw cap adaptor for thermometer (greased if needed)
• second clamp around receiver and above flask to collect distillate

Question 4

Order of purification

Answer 4

• check which one is water by adding and seeing which increases in depth
• beaker to collect
• check for carbonate by adding acid and inverting to release pressure
• get rid of dissolved water by CaCl2 until stopped clumping
• REDISTILLATION