MEMORY Flashcards
What are the two explanations of forgetting?
-retrieval failure
-interference
What is state dependent forgetting?
When recall depends on an internal cue eg feeling upset and being drunk
What is context dependent forgetting?
When recall depends on an external cue eg weather or place
Why does forgetting occur?
When cues present at the time of coding the info are not present at the time of recall.
What is the encoding specificity principle?
States that cues must be present at encoding and present at retrieval
What is the research and findings for state dependent forgetting?
Carter and Cassaday gave anti-histamine drugs to P’s which made them drowsy which is creating a different internal physiological state
-when there was a mismatch between internal state at learning and recall performance on memory test was worse.
What is the research on context dependent?
Abernathy (1940) tested students each week in
either: Same teaching room and same instructor, Same teaching room and different instructor,
Different teaching room and different instructor or different teaching room and same instructor.
He found that that those who were tested in the same room with same instructor did best and
those who were in non-matching conditions performed worse, demonstrating context dependent forgetting
What is research that supports context dependent forgetting?
Godden and Baddeley- studied deep sea divers
-learnt a word list either on land or underwater and recalled in matching condition or non matching condition
-found that accurate recall was 40% lower in
the non matching condition
What is a support of state dependent forgetting?
Goodwin taught word lists to people when they were drunk and found their recall was better if they recalled the words when in a drunken state again rather than when they were sober.
-Intoxication was acting as a cue for their memory and so when they were sober they suffered state-dependent forgetting
