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Mat-Child Nursing > objective 10.2 > Flashcards

objective 10.2 Flashcards

1
Q

can be transmitted directly or
indirectly

A

communicable disorders

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2
Q

why are children at increased risk for communicable disorders?

A

Frequent hands to
mouth = direct
transmission
Sharing & using
objects (indirect)
Lacking immunity
resistance (natural &
acquired)

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3
Q

what is the chain of infection?

A

causative agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portable of entry
susceptible host

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4
Q

bacteria, virus, fungus

A

causative agent

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5
Q

place supporting growth of organisms

A

reservoir

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6
Q

how organisms exit body

A

portal of exit

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7
Q

air, contact, droplet

A

mode of transmission

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8
Q

how organisms enter body

A

portable of entry

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9
Q

the human body

A

susceptible host

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10
Q

Time between exposure to pathogen and onset of clinical
symptoms

A

incubation period

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11
Q

Time between earliest symptom and appearance of typical
rash or fever
Time when it is critical to avoid contact with susceptible hosts

A

contagious

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12
Q

an insect or animal that carries and spreads disease

A

vector

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13
Q

a worldwide high incidence of a communicable disease

A

pandemic

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14
Q

sudden increase of disease in localized area

A

epidemic

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15
Q

an expected continuous incidence of disease in a localized area

A

endemic

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16
Q

caused by organism normally present in the environment
that the immune-suppressed person cannot fight

A

opportunistic infection

17
Q

an infection acquired after admission to a health care facility

A

health-care associated infection

18
Q

transmitted by contact
with an infected person

A

direct

19
Q
  • Indirect—transmitted by contact
    with objects that have been
    contaminated by an infected
    person (fomites)
A

indirect

20
Q
  • Use of a mask and cover gown when the
    patient with a disease, such as pertussis
    or influenza, coughs or sneezes
  • Droplets from coughing or sneezing can
    contaminate the surrounding
    environment up to 3 feet around
    the patient
  • Droplets do not stay suspended in the air;
    they immediately “fall”
A

droplet precautions

21
Q
  • When airborne particles float in the air
    and contaminate anything within the room
  • Particles can remain airborne for several hours
  • Used for conditions such as TB and Varicella
  • Use of negative-pressure room and an
    N95 particulate respirator mask is required
    whenever in the room with the patient
A

airborne precautions

22
Q
  • When contamination is likely to occur
    skin to skin or through contact with a
    contaminated fomite
  • Used in conditions such as RSV, MRSA,
    or VRE infections
  • Disposable gloves should be worn in the
    event that something occurs that
    causes blood or body fluid exposure
A

contact precautions

23
Q

what are the types of immunity

A

natural
acquired
active immunity
passive immunity

24
Q

resistance is inborn

A

natural

25
Q

not born with it; as a result of having disease or receiving vaccines or immune serum

A

acquired

26
Q

when a person produces his or her own immunity

A

active immunity

27
Q

provides the antibody to the person; does not last as long

A

passive immunity

28
Q

what are examples of communicable diseases?

A

SARS
Covid 19
Varicella
Fifth Disease
Pertussis
Mumps
Measles

29
Q
  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
  • S/S: Cough, SOB, ache, sore throat, diarrhea
  • Cause unknown, Viral
  • Type of coronavirus
  • Not contagious until symptoms develop
  • Incubation: up to 10 days
  • Treatment: no vaccine or cure; supportive
  • Spread through close contact with someone
    who is infected and resp secretions and bodily
    fluids
A

SARS

30
Q

what are the symptoms of covid 19?

A
  • cough
  • fever
  • difficulty breathing
  • pneumonia in both lungs
  • severe cases can lead to death
31
Q
  • Incubation period: 2-3 weeks
  • Most contagious before rash appears, most
    infectious from 12-24 hrs before the rash and
    approx. 5 days after
  • precautions necessary
  • Mild fever, flu like symptoms, joint pain
  • macules, papules, vesicles, pustules and scabs
    all at same time
  • Nursing Care: person is confined until scabs
    have crusted overor dried out, prevent
    scratching, use calamine lotion to reduce
    itching
A

varicella

32
Q
  • Incubation Period: 4-14 days
  • Child has “slapped cheek” appearance
  • generalized rash appears on face, trunk, &
    extremities. Rash subsides and re-appears if
    skin irritated by heat or sun
  • Symptoms otherwise non specific
  • No isolation required
    1-3 weeks
A

human parvovirus

33
Q
  • Caused by Bordetella pertussis
  • Symptoms: fever, cold, and distinctive cough. Noisy gasp for air
    that creates a “whoop”
  • Incubation period: 6-20 days (9-10 average)
  • Contagious- several weeks exclude pt from daycare for 5 days after
    antimicrobial treatment complete
  • Nsg. Interventions
  • Bed rest, Airway patency critical, antibiotics and Mist tent
  • Droplet precautions
A

pertussis

34
Q

Caused by Paramyxovirus
* S/S: fever, headache, glands near ear and jawline
ache, become painful, & swell. Parotid gland is
enlarged.
* Incubation: 14-21 days
* Contagious until swelling subsides. Keep out of
school.
* Treatment:
* Push Fluids, ice compresses, droplet precautions if
hospitalized.
* Avoid citrus/spices=stimulate salivary flow.

A

mumps

35
Q
A
36
Q
  • S/S: fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis
    followed by small white (Koplik) spots on inner
    cheeks then Maculopapular rash erupts.
  • Incubation: 1-2 weeks
  • Contagious from 4 days before to 5 days after rash
    appears
  • Treatment: symptomatic care, airborne isolation,
    measures to reduce eyestrain, good oral care.
    Avoid soap.
A

measles

37
Q

Not routinely started
until 2 months of age

A

immunizations

Mat-Child Nursing (23 decks)

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