objective 10.4 (1)

Question 1

• a “cold” Aka coryza
• The virus causes inflammation & edema of upper
  respiratory tract.
• most common RTI
• spreads easily by sneezing, coughing, or direct
  contact (contaminated fingers to the eyes, mouth)
• PREVENTION … GOOD HANDWASHING

Answer 1

nasopharyngitis

Question 2

what are the S&S of nasopharyngitis?

Answer 2

nasal discharge, sore throat, cough, fever
(as high as 40 degrees Celsius)

Question 3

what is the treatment of nasopharyngitis?

Answer 3

No cure, simple symptomatic relief…
rest
clear airways
adequate fluid intake
prevention of fever
skin care
NOTE: antibiotics are NOT effective against the
common cold!

Question 4

No cure, simple symptomatic relief…
rest
clear airways
adequate fluid intake
prevention of fever
skin care
NOTE: antibiotics are NOT effective against the
common cold!

Answer 4

croup syndrome

Question 5

preceded by mild upper resp infection
manifested by:
Edema, destruction of resp cilia, & exudate resulting in resp
obs
Barking cough & stridor develops followed by S&S’s resp
distress
Can lead to airway obstruction, acute respiratory failure &
hypoxia

Answer 5

acute croup

Question 6

what is the treatment and nursing care for croup?

Answer 6

◦Increased humidity or mist tent
◦Nebulization therapy
◦IV fluids (prevent dehydration, dec risk of
vomiting/aspiration
◦Cardio-respiratory monitoring and frequent V/S.
◦Oxygen therapy (maintain levels above 90%)
◦Steroidal therapy for inflammation and nebulized
epinephrine for symptoms of obstruction.
◦No opioids

Question 7

◦Common, most kids have had this by two years ( single, most
imp. Pathogen in infancy & early childhood)
◦Presents as mild cold like symptoms for adults and older
children
◦Can be more serious in young babies especially high risk groups
◦Can live on objects for 6 hrs (ex. Soap bars, Used tissue)

Answer 7

RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus)

Question 8

what are the S&S of RSV?

Answer 8

 Initially- A low-grade fever,
cough, and rhinorrhea
(running nose) gradually
progress to respiratory
distress.
 classic symptoms
(tachypnea, cyanosis, air
hungry)

Question 9

what is the treatment and nsg care for RSV?

Answer 9

 Contact isolation
 Report tachypnea & tachycardia
(hypoxemia)
 Auscultate breath sounds
(report wheezing, rales.
& rhonchi)
 I & O
 Keep O2 sats > 90%
 Weigh daily
 Antiviral meds for severely ill
infants

Question 10

what are the symptoms of tonsillitis?

Answer 10

difficulty swallowing and breathing

Question 11

what are the symptoms of adenoiditis?

Answer 11

block nasal passage resulting in mouth breathing

Question 12

what is the nsg care and treatment for tonsillitis and adenoiditis?

Answer 12

Nursing care: provide cool mist vaporizer, salt water gargles, throat
lozenges (if age-appropriate); cool, liquid diet; and acetaminophen
Treatment: removal of the tonsils and adenoids not recommended
if under 3 years of age

Question 13

Syndrome caused by increased
responsiveness of the
tracheobronchial tree to various
stimuli that result in irreversible,
intermittent constriction of the
airways
Can have narrowing of airway
leading to impaired gas exchange
which is caused by 4 components
of ____.

Answer 13

asthma

Question 14

what are asthma triggers?

Answer 14

Dust
Food
Passive smoking
Vigorous physical activity
Emotional upset
Rapid changes in
temperature

Question 15

Continued severe respiratory distress that is not responsive
to drugs , including epinephrine & aminophylline.
MEDICAL EMERGENCY…ICU

Answer 15

status asthmaticus

Question 16

what are the things to minimize the life threatening occurrences of status asthmaticus?

Answer 16

Following medical regime, promptly seeking medical attention
when required, minimize exposure to allergens, Wear a medical
alert bracelet, and have a written plan for crisis management.

Question 17

what are the S&S of asthma?

Answer 17

May begin slowly or abruptly
Mild, Moderate or severe
Cough, wheezes and diff
breathing
Nasal flaring, use of
accessory muscles
Restlessness, pulse
and resp are increased

Question 18

what is the treatment and nsg care for asthma?

Answer 18

Avoid triggers
Oxygen, Medications
(nebulizers, Puffers)
Oral fluids increased, Well
balanced Diet

Question 19

what does chronic asthma look like?

Answer 19

Discoloration under eyes
Slight eyelid Eczema
Mouth Breathing

Question 20

Inherited recessive trait, with both
parents carrying a gene for the
disease
Basic defect is an exocrine gland
dysfunction that includes
Increased viscosity (thickness)
of mucous gland secretions
A loss of electrolytes in sweat
because of an abnormal chloride
movement

Answer 20

cystic fibrosis

Question 21

what does the thick, viscid secretions of cystic fibrosis affect?

Answer 21

Respiratory system
Digestive System (Pancreas)
Skin & nails (sweat glands)
Reproductive System
Cardiovascular System

Question 22

what is the nursing care for cystic fibrosis?

Answer 22

Oxygen therapy
Antibiotic therapy
Aerosol therapy
Use of inhalers
Postural drainage
Breathing exercises
Prevention of infection is
essential
Oral
pancreatic preparations
are given to help child to
digest and absorb food
Diet should be high
in protein and calories
Free access to salt

Question 23

Sudden unexpected death of an infant less than 1 year, Death occurs
during sleep with no cries of distress. “Crib Death”
Peaks between 2-4 months of age.
6.6x greater chance if infants sleeps on stomach and then bac

Answer 23

sudden infant death syndrome SIDS

Question 24

what are the risk factors of SIDS?

Answer 24

Males, preterm, indigenous population
Maternal smoking or cocaine use causing hypoxia of the fetus.
Poor neonatal care
Facedown sleeping position causing rebreathing of expired air or
airway occlusion.

Question 25

Surgical opening in
trachea enabling child
to breathe

Answer 25

tracheostomy

Question 26

what are the conditions that require traacheostomy?

Answer 26

Epiglottitis
Head injury
Burns

Question 27

what are the S&S of respiratory distress?

Answer 27

◦Increase pulse rate and respirations
◦Restlessness
◦Flaring nares
◦Intercostal and substernal retractions
◦Cyanosis
◦Children with dyspnea often vomit, which increases
the danger of aspiration

Question 28

◦Usually plastic or silastic
◦Cuffed tubes usually NOT
used
◦Tubes used on children
usually do not have inner
cannula

Answer 28

tracheostomy tubes

Question 29

◦Treated as surgical wound
◦Keep Free of secretions (Minimize risk of infection)
◦Tapes around neck should be clean, dry & loose
enough allowing 1 finger to be easily inserted
◦Assess skin under tape
◦Always use 2 nurses when changing tapes

Answer 29

tracheal stoma