Historical Globalisation Flashcards
what does Chakrabarty 2009 say
it is not man interacting with nature. they are a force on nature in geological sense. Anthropocene
3 criticisms of anthropocene and cite!
Gilroy 2018 - it is not a homogenous humanity. different races, countries, classes
Looks for a spike in the stratigraphic record - Industrial Revolution
It is anthropocentric (Haraway, 2016)
what are the 7 cheap things and cite
Moore and Patel (2019)
- nature
- work
- energy
-care
-food
-money
-lives
what did Carolyn merchant argue about nature and cite
- when it was viewed as a nurturing mother - it was a normative framework
- people didn’t want to hurt their mother. it shaped human behaviour to the world
merchant, 1980
outline the 7 cheap things using the chicken as example (Moore and Patel, 2019)
cheap food - true symbol of modernity is not the smartphone or car - the chicken nugget.
cheap nature - 60 bn chickens each year killed, they can barely walk. genetically modified
cheap work - workers paid 2 cents for every dollar spent on chicken
cheap care - the physical efforts of poultry rely on free care of family
cheap energy - fossil fuels
cheap money. - whole industry top to bottom is subsidised by governments
cheap lives - not just chickens and workers, but also the land of indigenous people cleared to grow chicken feed
aside from co2 - how else will capitalism leave a trace in the geological record
billions and billions of chicken bones
how is proletarianisation linked with de peasantisation and cite!
wood 2017
enclosure of commons, made land a traceable commodity and divorced peasants from means of independent subsistence
what was the first cheap energy and explaoin (Moore and Patel, 2019)
wood
vast amounts of trees was cut down to support protocapitalist machinery like glassmaking or sugar processing
what is the great domestication and cite
(Patel and Moore, 2019)
the process where women were cast into subservient role, expected to perform unpaid caire
3 ways of getting cheap food
- generalise private property, and use plantations
- botanical imperialism - appropriate nature as a free gift (take potato to Europe)
- technics - genetic modification
give 2 examples of cheap lives
Spanish called the Peruvians - naturales. of nature, so not worthy of humane treatment
bog Irish
what does Karl polanyi argue about land and cite!
- under capitalism land becomes a fictitious commodity. It is not a commodity we can exploit fully, capitalism puts breaks
- land is nature appearing as commodity form
Polanyi 1944
what was parliamentary enclosures
during the 18th and 19th century. legislation passed to privatised land. 4.5million acres of open field.
if people didnt own land under feudalism, what did they do
held land
what rights to land did peasants have during maniorialism
right to use commons for grazing
right to supplementary pasture at times of year on other land
gleaning crops on land
