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Biology > 16.1-.4 > Flashcards

16.1-.4 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

change over time

A

evolution

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2
Q

preserved remains of an ancient organism

A

fossil

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3
Q

ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in an environment

A

fitness

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4
Q

inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance or survival

A

adaptation

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5
Q

the process by which an organism with variations most suited to their environment survive and and leave more offspring

A

natural selection

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6
Q

structures that develop the same embryonic tissues but have different mature forms

A

homologous structures

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7
Q

small structures with little to no function

A

vestigal structures

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8
Q

the study of where organisms are and where they lived in the past

A

biogeography

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9
Q

the use of selective breeding to produce organisms with certain desirable traits

A

artificial selection

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10
Q

body parts that share common function, but not structure

A

analogous structure

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11
Q

where did darwin spend most of his time

A

South America

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12
Q

what is the name of the islands

A

galápagos

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13
Q

what did geologists suggest during darwin’s time

A

the earth was ancient and changed over time.

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14
Q

what did Darwin learn on the island

A

the shell shape of the tortious could be linked with the island it was on

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15
Q

rheas

A

south America

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16
Q

ostriches

A

africa

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17
Q

emus

A

australia

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18
Q

Why might darwin think finches from SA are related to finches in GI

A

The islands are close so they may have flown over

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19
Q

What revelation did Darwin suggest between fossils and modern animals

A

modern species may be related to extinct ones

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20
Q

locally

A

galápagos tort

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21
Q

globally

A

rheas and ostriches

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22
Q

over time

A

glyptodonts and armadillos

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23
Q

what 2 ways did geology influence Darwin

A

earth was very old and earth changed over time

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24
Q

Hutton relised earth was _______ then he thought

A

older

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25
Lyell thought most geological processes happened
slowly
26
the process that changed the earth in the past is the _____ as the processes that operate in the present
same as
27
his work explained how large geological figures could be built up/torn down over long periods of time
Lyell
28
How did Lamarck's purpose of species change over time
Selective use/nonuse of organs, organisms aquaried or lost certain traits. These traits were passed to their offspring and could lead to a change of species.
29
How did Lamarck pave the way for other biologists
he paved the way for evolution and organisms change over time
30
Which of Lamark's ideas are true/false
true - change over time. false - inherited characteristics and inborn drive to be more complex
31
How would Lamark explain the length of a giraffe
It would constantly try and stretch its next to get leaves. As it strectches its neck, it would grow a bit longer. These necks would then be passed to their offspring, who could stretch their necks during their life time.
32
What observation caused Thomas Malthus to form a theory about population growth.
human birth rate higher than death rate
33
Mathlus idea
If human population was unchecked, there would not be enough living space/food for everyone.
34
Mathlus's ideas told Darwin that
more organisms were born than would survive/reproduce
35
How does the human race artificially select? How does nature play into it?
Nature provides variation and humans select and breed for variation they find useful or appealing
36
members of a population compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life.
struggle for existence
37
why is camouflage and adaptation
it is a heritable trait that can help an organism survive predators and increase chance of survival.
38
How does an animals fitness relate to its chances of survival and reproduction
the higher the animal's level of fitness, the better its chances of survival and reproduction
39
natural selection acts on ________ traits
inherited
40
any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival
adaptation
41
ability to survive and reproduce in an environment
fitness
42
look at chart
ok
43
natural selection depends on the organism's abiltiy to
reproduce
44
every organism today _________ from one that can reproduce
decended
45
Over many generations, adaptation could successfully cause species to _______ into new ones
evolve
46
common decent suggests that all species, living/extinct, are _____
related
47
The ______ ______ provides physical proof of decent over long periods of time
fossil record
48
distantly related organisms may be similar if they live in
similar environments
49
explain the finch of the gal isl
it had descended with modification from the mainland ancestor
50
what explains similar but unrelated species
such species evolved features in common because they were exposed to natural selection
51
mammilian leg and amphibian leg
hs
52
wing of bee/bird
as
53
hipbones in dolphins
vs
54
bat wing and mouse arm
hs
55
reptile/bird foot
hs
56
dolphin fin/fish tail
as
57
eyes on blind cave fish
vs
58
snake tongue and dog nose
as
59
provides molecular theory that supports evolution
genetics
60
code heritable info
dna/rna
61
the universal genetic code is used by almost all organisms to
direct protein synthesis
62
proteins that are _________ share simular chemical and structal simularities
homo
63
cytochrome c is used for _______ ________ in every living cell
chemical respiration
64
Homo genes called hox genes control growth and timing in
embryos
65
relatively minor changes in an organism's genome can produce major changes in an organisms
structure
66
What hypothesis did grant test for
differences in beak size and shape produce different fitnesses
67
what did grants data produce
great variation among gal finches
68
what did grant test for
natural selection

Biology (10 decks)

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