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NUTRITION FINAL > B Vitamins > Flashcards

B Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Thiamin Major Functions

A

part of a coenzyme

  • aids in the breakdown to provide energy
  • needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
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2
Q

thiamin is a coenzyme is especially important for nerve function

A

thiamin occupies a special site on nerve cell membranes; hence it is available to breakdown any needed glucose

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3
Q

thiamin is needed for the synthesis of …

A

neurotransmitters

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4
Q

thiamin is needed for the metabolism of

A

other sugars and amino acids

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5
Q

thiamin is required for the synthesis of

A

ribose and deoxyribose

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6
Q

Beriberi

A

deficiency disease of thiamin

  • inflammatory or degenerative changes of the nerves, digestive system and the heart
  • without thiamin, glucose can’t be used normally
  • nerve impulses can’t be transmitted
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7
Q

symptoms of beriberi

A

loss of sensation in the hands and feet, edema, muscle weakness & poor coordination, changes to the heart, poor short-term memory and confusion

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8
Q

alcoholics at risk for beriberi

A

ethanol intereferes with the absorption of thiamin and hastens is excretion in the urine

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9
Q

Riboflavin

A

is a part of two coenzymes

  • that act as electron carriers
  • they function in reactions needed to produce ATP from CHO, fat and protein
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10
Q

Riboflavin is involved n converting some vitamins into their active form

A

such as folate, niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin K

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11
Q

Riboflavin supports

A

skin health and vision

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12
Q

symptoms of riboflavin deficiencies

A

cheilosis - cracking & redness of the lips or around the corners of the mouth

  • flaking skin around the nose, eyebrows & earlobes
  • glossitis - inflammation of the tongue (red & swollen)
  • eyes - increased sensitivity to light; burning, tearing, and itching of the eyes
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13
Q

Niacin

A

is part of two coenzymes

  • especially in the metabolism of CHO, fat, and alcohol
  • coenzymes needed for the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol
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14
Q

body can make niacin from

A

tryptophan

-reason why recommendation are expressed as “niacin equivalent”

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15
Q

Niacin Equivalent

A

the measure that takes into account the available tryptophan

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16
Q

Pellagra

A

niacin deficiency diseases

-fatigue, decreased appetite, and indigestion

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17
Q

Symptoms of Pellagra (the four D’s)

A

Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia and it left untreated Death

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18
Q

those at risk for Pellagra

A

poorly nourished, those with alcohol addiction

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19
Q

Niacin is sometimes prescribed in larger doses as a treatment for

A

lower blood lipid levels

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20
Q

Biotin

A

plays an important role in energy metabolism

-as a coenzyme, it carries activated CO2 that is critical in keeping Citric Acid Cycle running.

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21
Q

Biotin is needed in the synthesis of glucose

A

from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino-acids and glycerole

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22
Q

biotin is needed in the synthesis of _________ and the breakdown of certain fatty acids and amino acids

A

fatty acids

23
Q

it can be made in the body by ________ in the GI tract

A

bacteria

24
Q

deficiency in Biotin is…

A

rare

25
Q

symptoms of biotin deficienceis

A

nausea, thinning hair, loss of hair color, tingling in hands or feet, red skin rash, depression, lethargy, hallucinations

26
Q

Pantothenic Acid

A

a component of a coenzyme

27
Q

pantothenic acid assists with the making of _________ which is needed in the TCA cycle and ultimately ATP formation

A

Acetyl Co-A

28
Q

pantothenic Acid is needed in the synthesis of

A

making lips, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones and hemoglobin

29
Q

deficiency in Pantothenic Acid is….

A

rare

30
Q

Vitamin B6

A

role in amino acid & protein metabolism

31
Q

Vitamin B6 is a

A

coenzyme

32
Q

Vitamin B6 is needed for

A

deamination reactions

-removal of NH2; reamining carbon comound used for energy

33
Q

Vitamin B6 is involved in the synthesis of

A

neurotransmitters

-

34
Q

Vitamin B6 is needed for the synthesis of lipids that are part of the

A

lipids in the myelin sheath

35
Q

Along with folate and B12, B6 is needed for

A

senythesis of hemoglobin and white blood cells

36
Q

B6, B12, and folate conversion of _________ to cysteine

A

homocysteine

37
Q

Vitamin B6 is needed to convert tryptophan into

A

niacin

38
Q

Vitamin B6 is needed for breaking down glycogen to release ______ into the blood

A

glucose

39
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency

A

poor growth, skin lesions, decreased immunity, anemia, neurologcial symptoms

40
Q

Folate (and B12) is needed for the making of

A

new cells

- synthesis of DNA and RNA

41
Q

Folate (and B12) are needed for the replication of

A

DNA

42
Q

Folate (and B12) are required for the formation and maturation of _________ and ____________ and for the formation of hemoglobin

A

red blood cells and white blood cells

43
Q

Folate is needed for the reduced risk of

A

neural tube defects

44
Q

what is folic acid and is it readily absorbed?

A
  • synthesis form of folate
  • readily absorbed
  • bioavailability is almost twice that of folate
45
Q

Neural Tube Defects

A

malformation of the brain, spinal cord or both during embryonic development

46
Q

Spina Bifida is not a Common NTD

A

three membranes that surround the spinal cord often protrude form the spin as a sac
-portion of the spinal cord is sometimes in the sac
mild cases are not noticeable

47
Q

deficiency in folate can result in an anemia called

A

megalobastic or macrocytic anemia

  • lack of folate
  • red blood cells become larger
  • fewer matrue red blood cells
48
Q

those at risk for folate deficeicency

A

alcoholics, pregnant females, elderly, and smokers

49
Q

Vitamin B12 is required for

A

making new cells (DNA and RNA synthesis)

50
Q

Vitamin B12 is needed for the maintenance of

A

myelin sheath

51
Q

Vitamin B12 are also needed to convert _______ to an active coenzyme

A
  • Folate

- conversion of homocysteine

52
Q

Vitamin B12 in food is bound to

A

protein

53
Q

two people at risk for B12 deficiency

A

Vega and older adults

NUTRITION FINAL (6 decks)

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