Vitamin C/ Choline/ Vitamin A/ Vitamin D/ Vitamin E/ Vitamin K

Question 1

Vitamin C (absorbic acid)

Answer 1

“no scurvy acid”

Question 2

Scurvy

Answer 2

deficiency disease of Vitamin C

Question 3

Vitamin C has many functions in the body

Answer 3

• assists enzymes in the formation and maintenance of collagen
• it is an antioxidant

Question 4

Vitamin C aids in the absorption of

Answer 4

iron, calcium, and folate

Question 5

Vitamin C is involved in reaction that make

Answer 5

neurotransmitters, hormones, bile acids

Question 6

Vitamin C helps protect us against

Answer 6

infections

Question 7

Does Vitamin C prevent the common cold

Answer 7

NOOOOOOOOO

Question 8

Symptoms of Scurvy

Answer 8

-inflamed, swollen, and bleeding gums
-loose teeth
-capillaries become weakened and rupture
wounds that don’t heal and frequent infections
-bone fractures
-feel fatigued and depressed

Question 9

Scurvy is rarely seen in the U.S. today except

Answer 9

elderly
alcohol/drug addictions
-smokers
-few infants

Question 10

Choline

Answer 10

water-soluble substance

Question 11

is Choline a Vitamin?

Answer 11

NO! but is considered an essential nutrient

Question 12

Choline is needed for the synthesis of

Answer 12

neurotransmitters

Question 13

Choline is neded for the making of

Answer 13

cell membranes

Question 14

Cholin is involved with the transportation of

Answer 14

lipids

Question 15

Cholin is also needed for the metabolism of

Answer 15

homocysteine

Question 16

Choline Deficiency during pregnancy can

Answer 16

interfere with the brain development of the fetus

Question 17

Choline deficiency in adults

Answer 17

fatty liver and muscle damage

Question 18

Two Forms of Vitamin A

Answer 18

• Retinoids - preformed Vitamin A

- Carotenoids - inactive form of Vitamin A

Question 19

Cortenoids

Answer 19

natural pigments made by plants that give certain fruits/veggies their yellow or orange colors

Question 20

Example of carotenoids

Answer 20

beta carotene

Question 21

Sources of beta-carotene

Answer 21

orange and yellow vegetables as well as dark green vegetables

Question 22

Beta-carotene that is not converted into active Vitamin A may function as an

Answer 22

antioxidant

Question 23

Retinol-binding protein

Answer 23

retinol leaves the liver via this

Question 24

absorbaility of retinoids & carotenoids

Answer 24

retinoids are absorbed MORE readily than the carotenoids

Question 25

Vitamin A is bound to

Answer 25

protein

Question 26

Deficiency in fat = deficiency in ________

Answer 26

Vitamin A

Question 27

Vitamin A has two roles in Vision

Answer 27

• processining of light in the retina

- Rhodopsin

Question 28

Rhodopsin

Answer 28

light sensitive pigment that is found in the rod cells of the retina
- enables us to see in dim light

Question 29

night blindness

Answer 29

deficiency in Vitamin A - slow recovery of vision after exposure to flashes of bright light

Question 30

What keeps the cornea healthy?

Answer 30

keratin

Question 31

Xerosis

Answer 31

drying of the cornea

Question 32

Xerophthalmia

Answer 32

advanced Vitamin A deficinency; cornea thickens and becomes hard; can lead to blindness

Question 33

Vitamin A helps with the growth and replenishment of

Answer 33

epitheal tissue

Question 34

Vitamin A aids in our ability to

Answer 34

smell, hear, and taste

Question 35

Vitamin A plays a key role in the immune system

Answer 35

regulates genes that makes proteins involved with immunity

Question 36

Vitamin A is needed for _________

Answer 36

reproduction growth -

Question 37

Where do we obtain Vitamin D

Answer 37

from the food that we eat and ultraviolet light

Question 38

factors that can effect synthesis of vitamin D

Answer 38

color of skin, age, where someone lives, time of year, air pollution, protective clothing, use of sunscreen

Question 39

main function of Vitamin D

Answer 39

regulation of calcium and phosphorus in bones and teeth

Question 40

parathyroid hormone

Answer 40

low blood calcium stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone, which stimulates the activation of Vitamin

Question 41

Vitamin D functions as a hormone

Answer 41

it can be made by an organ

Question 42

populations at risk for not meeting their vitamin D requirements

Answer 42

infants and vegans

Question 43

vitamin D is potentially toxic

Answer 43

most toxic of all vitamins

Question 44

deficiency of Vitamin D

Answer 44

rickets (in children)

Question 45

Osteomalacia

Answer 45

vitamin D deficiency in adults

Question 46

osteoporosis

Answer 46

is a loss of total bone mass not just minerals

Question 47

Vitamin E

Answer 47

ANTIOXIDANT

Tocopherol

Question 48

Alpha-Tocopherol

Answer 48

the only form that can be used by the body

Question 49

Free Radicals

Answer 49

atoms or molecules that have one or not unpaired molecules

Question 50

Vitamin E deficiency is

Answer 50

rare

Question 51

Vitamin E protects against

Answer 51

heavy metals, toxins and an assortment of drugs

Question 52

hemolytic anemia

Answer 52

a condition in which there is an insufficient number of red blood cells because they have ruptured

Question 53

Vitamin K

Answer 53

main function of clotting blood

Question 54

another role of Vitamin K

Answer 54

needed for the synthesis of important bone proteins that enable minerals to bond for the formation of bone

Question 55

those at risk for Vitamin K deficiency

Answer 55

newborns, longterm antibiotic usage, takin anticoagulant medications

Question 56

Jaundice

Answer 56

it occurs when red blood cells in the liver rupture