1629-1640

Question 1

How did Charles reform the court?

Answer 1

Wanted to make it more orderly: progression of rooms imposed a hierarchy and wedged a ga[ between “court and country”

Question 2

What were the main Prerogative Courts?

Answer 2

. The Star Chamber
. The Court of High Commission
. The Council of the North
. The Council of the Welsh Marshes

Question 3

Name some of Charles’ mines?

Answer 3

. Custom Duties
. Distraint of Knighthood
. Forest Fines
. Monopolies
. Ship Money

Question 4

What was the process of searching for dormant sources of income called?

Answer 4

Fiscal Fuedalism

Question 5

When did Charles publish the Book of Orders?

Answer 5

1631

Question 6

What was the Book of Orders?

Answer 6

A publication which laid down clearer procedure for organising local government. Charles wanted to instil order and uniformity in England, but ex-MPs feared a rise in absolutism.

Question 7

What did Charles do to remain financially independent of Parliament?

Answer 7

. Fiscal Feudalism
. Peace with France and Spain (1629/1630)

Question 8

How much money did Fiscal Feudalism generate?

Answer 8

Raised Charles’ annual income from £600,000 to £900,000.

Question 9

What was Popish soap?

Answer 9

Charles sold the monopoly on soap to a Catholic which outraged the Puritans. This monopoly earned Charles £33,000.

Question 10

When did Strafford become Lord Deputy of Ireland?

Answer 10

1632

Question 11

When did Laud become Archbishop of Canterbury

Answer 11

1633

Question 12

When was Ship Money raised?

Answer 12

1634

Question 13

When was Ship Money raised to inland counties?

Answer 13

1635

Question 14

How much of Ship Money was paid?

Answer 14

About 90% of the tax was paid before 1638. In total, it raised around £190,000 a year, all of which was spent on the navy.

Question 15

When was the Ship Money Trial?

Answer 15

1637

Question 16

What happened at the Ship Money Trial?

Answer 16

John Hampden put on trial for refusing to pay Ship Money. Oliver St John acted as his lawyer. Charles won by a narrow majority (7 to 5) and it established his precedent to collect the tax.

Question 17

What type of religious performance did Charles love?

Answer 17

Masques

Question 18

Which artist did Charles particularly patronise?

Answer 18

Van Dyck

Question 19

What were the successes of Charles’ financial policies?

Answer 19

. Crown revenue increased by 25% and the royal debt was halved from £2 million to around £1 million by 1637.
. Allowed Charles to be financially independent of Parliament until 1640.

Question 20

What were the failures of Charles’ financial policies?

Answer 20

. His methods were legally dubious
. He alienated the City of London banks
. Taxes such as Ship Money generated a lot of opposition

Question 21

What were Laud’s Church Reforms

Answer 21

. Beautification of Churches
. Altar Policy
. Book of Sports
. Re-introduction of the Catechism
. Campaigned against unlicenced preaching and Feofees

Question 22

Why were people unhappy with the Laudian reforms?

Answer 22

Fear that Charles was moving towards Catholicism

Question 23

When did Charles try to impose the English Prayer Book in Scotland?

Answer 23

1637

Question 24

How many subsidies did Wentworth manage to convince the Irish Parliament to grant Charles?

Answer 24

6

Question 25

Who wrote the pamphlet "Histriomatrix" criticising the Queen?

Answer 25

William Prynne- 1633

Question 26

When did the riot break out in St Giles Church?

Answer 26

23rd July 1637

Question 27

When was the National Covenant formed?

Answer 27

1638

Question 28

What were the terms of the Covenant?

Answer 28

. All who signed pledged to defend Scotland’s rights to decide its own path in religion and government. . Scotland should have a Parliament free from the King’s interference. . It demanded the abolition of bishops, who were seen as servants of the King.

Question 29

When was the First Bishop's War?

Answer 29

1639

Question 30

How did the Scottish Rebellion affect the collection of Ship Money?

Answer 30

Collection plummeted from 90% to 20%

Question 31

How much money did Charles spend on fighting the Scots in 1639?

Answer 31

£185,000

Question 32

When was the Passification of Berwick signed?

Answer 32

June 1639

Question 33

What were the terms of the Passification of Berwick?

Answer 33

. The King agreed to authorise a new General Assembly of the Kirk in August, to be followed by a meeting of the Scottish Parliament. . Both sides agreed to disband their armies.

Question 34

How long did the Short Parliament last?

Answer 34

Less than a month

Question 35

How did Charles raise money for the Second Bishop's War without Parliament?

Answer 35

He confiscated £30,000 worth of gold and silver from the City of London merchants

Question 36

How many Covenanters were on the English border in October 1640?

Answer 36

20,000

Question 37

What was the Treaty of Ripon?

Answer 37

The treaty which ended the Second Bishop's War

Question 38

What were the terms of the Treaty of Ripon?

Answer 38

England had to pay Scotland £850 a day while they occupied Newcastle, until a permanent settlement was reached