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Biology > EXAMMMMMMM >.< > Flashcards

EXAMMMMMMM >.< Flashcards

1
Q

wHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEIOSIS VS MITOSIS

A

Mit.: somatic, 2 diploid cells, clone cells, 1 division

Meio.: germ, 4 haploid gametes, unique gametes, 2 divisions

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2
Q

What is it called when DNA makes a copy of itself

A

replication

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3
Q

When does replication happen?

A

S phase of interphase

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4
Q

What is 2n=46

A

46: chromosome number
2n: diploid cell number

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5
Q

What is the union of haploid gametes called? ;)

A

fertilization

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6
Q

WHat are the 22 normal chromosomes called?

A

autosomes

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7
Q

WHa is the other 1 chromosome called

A

sex chromosomes

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8
Q

What are the three sources of genetic variation

A

random fertilization, crossing over, independent assortment

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9
Q

When does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase 1

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10
Q

What happens in anaphase 1 vs. 2?

A

1.: homologous pairs separating 2.:sister chromatids separating

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11
Q

Study of inheritance

A

genetics

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12
Q

Mendel’s 4 contributes

A
  1. There are factors that are passed down from parents to offspring
  2. these factors occur in pairs
  3. dominant genes mask the recessive genes
  4. factors are seperated during gamete formation
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13
Q

codominance

A

both traits are expressed

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14
Q

incomplete dominance

A

mix of the two traits

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15
Q

how does trisomy one occur

A

nondisjunction

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16
Q

Biotechnology

A

the use of living things and/or their parents to make something useful to mankind

17
Q

What is a complete set of chromosomes in an organism?

A

genome

18
Q

What is the feild of science that organised the genome

A

bioinformatics

19
Q

What is an exact genetic duplicate?

A

a clone

20
Q

What is somatic cell nuclear transfer used for

A

cloning

21
Q

WHat are some usses for DNA fingerprinting?

A

identifying criminals, identifying fathers, i dentifying corpses or remains, using family DNA to se who the dead person is

22
Q

WHat are the uses of recombinant DNA

A

insulin, Pesticide, herbacide

23
Q

What cuts the DNA to make recombinant DNA

A

restriction enzymes

24
Q

Where do restriciton enzymes come from?

A

bacteria, to fight off viruses

25
Q

What is PCR

A

umakes copies of DNA

26
Q

What was the goal of the human genome project?

A

to map out all of the genes on chromosomes in the human body. To determine which genes are there and where they are, and what they code for?

27
Q

Microevolution

A

small changes in alelle frequencies in a population over time

28
Q

What are the 3 things that cause microevolution

A

natural selection, gene flow., genetic drift

29
Q

allopatric speciation

A

different country

30
Q

sympatric speciation

A

different country

31
Q

2 pillars of darwins theory

A

Decent with modification from a common ancestor, natural selection is the means by which decent with modification occurs

Biology (19 decks)

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