GMAT 07 Flashcards
ex·ac·er·bate
verb
\ig-ˈza-sər-ˌbāt\
- VERB 使恶化;使加剧 If something exacerbates a problem or bad situation, it makes it worse.
Mr Powell-Taylor says that depopulation exacerbates the problem…
鲍威尔-泰勒先生说人口的急剧减少使得该问题更加严重。
Longstanding poverty has been exacerbated by racial divisions.
种族分化已经加剧了长期的贫困问题。
exacerbation: …the exacerbation of global problems.全球问题的加剧
— ex·ac·er·ba·tion -ˌza-sər-ˈbā-shən\ noun
The proposed factory shutdown would only exacerbate our unemployment problems.
His angry comments have exacerbated tensions in the negotiation process.
ex·ag·ger·ate
verb
\ig-ˈza-jə-ˌrāt\
- VERB 夸大;夸张 If you exaggerate, you indicate that something is, for example, worse or more important than it really is.
He thinks I’m exaggerating…
他觉得我在夸大其词。
Don’t exaggerate…
别夸张。
exaggeration: Like many stories about him, it smacks of exaggeration…正如很多有关他的故事一样，这个故事也有点夸大。It would be an exaggeration to call the danger urgent.称那种危险为紧急事件有点夸张。 - VERB 突出;夸大 If something exaggerates a situation, quality, or feature, it makes the situation, quality, or feature appear greater, more obvious, or more important than it really is.
These figures exaggerate the loss of competitiveness…
这些数字夸大了竞争力的丧失。
The dress exaggerates her wasp waist and enlarges her bosom.
那件连衣裙凸显了她的蜂腰，也让她的胸部看起来更丰满。
— ex·ag·ger·at·ed·ly adverb
— ex·ag·ger·at·ed·ness noun
— ex·ag·ger·a·tion -ˌza-jə-ˈrā-shən\ noun
— ex·ag·ger·a·tive -ˈza-jə-ˌrā-tiv\ adjective
— ex·ag·ger·a·tor -ˈza-jə-ˌrā-tər\ noun
— ex·ag·ger·a·to·ry -ˈzaj-rə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective
ex·ca·vate
verb
\ˈek-skə-ˌvāt\
- VERB 发掘，挖掘（古物等） When archaeologists or other people excavate a piece of land, they remove earth carefully from it and look for things such as pots, bones, or buildings which are buried there, in order to discover information about the past.
A new Danish expedition is again excavating the site in annual summer digs.
一支新的丹麦探险队又在那个遗址上进行一年一度的夏季挖掘。
excavation: …the excavation of a bronze-age boat…挖掘出来的青铜器时代的船In time these new excavations will require conservation.这些刚发掘出来的物品需要及时保护。 - VERB 挖;开凿 To excavate means to dig a hole in the ground, for example in order to build there.
A contractor was hired to drain the reservoir and to excavate soil from one area for replacement with clay.
雇了一个承包商抽干水库的水，挖掉一个区域的泥土后再用黏土填上。
excavation: Our new habitation was an excavation made in the earth.我们的新居是在地里挖出的一个洞。…the excavation of canals.运河的开凿
ex·cerpt
verb
\ek-ˈsərpt\
- N-COUNT 摘录;节选;选段 An excerpt is a short piece of writing or music which is taken from a larger piece.
The noun is pronounced /’eksɜːpt/. The verb is pronounced /ek’sɜːpt/. 名词读作 /’eksɜːpt/，动词读作 /ek’sɜːpt/。
…an excerpt from Tchaikovsky’s Nutcracker.
柴可夫斯基的《胡桃夹子》选段 - V-PASSIVE 摘录;节选 If a long piece of writing or music is excerpted, short pieces from it are printed or played on their own.
The readings you heard earlier were excerpted from a new oral history of Pearl Harbor.
你之前听到的朗读片段节选自一部新的珍珠港口述史。
— ex·cerp·tor or ex·cerpt·er noun
— ex·cerp·tion \ek-ˈsərp-shən\ noun
ex·cise
noun
\ˈek-ˌsīz\
- N-VAR 国内货物税;消费税 Excise is a tax that the government of a country puts on particular goods, such as cigarettes and alcoholic drinks, which are produced for sale in its own country.
The noun is pronounced /’eksaɪz/. The verb is pronounced /ɪk’saɪz/. 名词读作 /’eksaɪz/。动词读作 /ɪk’saɪz/。
…this year’s rise in excise duties…
今年消费税的提高
New car buyers and smokers will be hit by increases in taxes and excise.
税率和消费税的提高将使新车买主和烟民受到打击。 - VERB 切除;删除;消除 If someone excises something, they remove it deliberately and completely.
…a personal crusade to excise racist and sexist references in newspapers.
消除报纸中涉及种族和性别歧视内容的个人努力
…the question of permanently excising madness from the world.
关于永久清除世界上疯狂举动的问题
excision: The authors demanded excision of foreign words.作者们要求删除外国文字。
ex·clu·sion
noun
\iks-ˈklü-zhən\
- ADJ-GRADED 排他性的；排除在外的 Something that is exclusionary excludes a particular person or group of people.
…exclusionary business practices.
排他性的商业行为
— ex·clu·sion·ary -zhə-ˌner-ē\ adjective
ex·crete
verb
\ik-ˈskrēt\
- VERB 排泄 When a person or animal excretes waste matter from their body, they get rid of it in faeces, urine, or sweat.
Your open pores excrete sweat and dirt…
通过张开的毛孔排出汗液和污垢。
Calcium is excreted in the urine and stools.
钙通过尿液和粪便排出体外。
excretion: …the excretion of this drug from the body.这种药品自体内排出
— ex·cret·er noun
ex·cru·ci·ate
verb
\ik-ˈskrü-shē-ˌāt\
vt.(精神上)残酷折磨，(使精神上受)极大痛苦
— ex·cru·ci·a·tion -ˌskrü-shē-ˈā-shən\ noun
<she has long been excruciated by a persistent pain in her knee>
ex·cur·sion
noun
\ik-ˈskər-zhən\
- N-COUNT 短途旅行;远足 You can refer to a short journey as an excursion, especially if it is made for pleasure or enjoyment. →see usage note at: journey
In Bermuda, Sam’s father took him on an excursion to a coral barrier.
在百慕大，萨姆的父亲带他到附近的珊瑚礁去游玩。 - N-COUNT （尤指旅行社组织的）短途旅游 An excursion is a trip or visit to an interesting place, especially one that is arranged or recommended by a holiday company or tourist organization.
We also recommend a full day optional excursion to the Upper Douro…
我们还推荐去杜罗河上游的短途自选一日游。
Another pleasant excursion is Malaga, 18 miles away.
另一个非常不错的短途旅游是去18英里以外的马拉加。 - N-COUNT 尝试;涉猎 If you describe an activity as an excursion into something, you mean that it is an attempt to develop or understand something new that you have not experienced before.
…Radio 3’s latest excursion into ethnic music, dance and literature…
第三广播台最近开始涉及有关少数民族音乐、舞蹈和文学的节目
The few excursions into stylistic experiment do not entirely come off.
几次体裁上的尝试都不算很成功。
They went on a brief excursion to the coast.
<our weekend excursions have encompassed virtually all parts of our home state>
ex·e·cu·tion·er
noun
-sh(ə-)nər\
n.行刑者，死刑执行者
ex·empt
adj
\ig-ˈzem(p)t\
- ADJ 被免除的;被豁免的 If someone or something is exempt from a particular rule, duty, or obligation, they do not have to follow it or do it.
Men in college were exempt from military service…
大学在校男生免服兵役。
Children under two years are exempt.
两岁以下儿童免票。
Exempt is also a combining form. - VERB 免除;豁免 To exempt a person or thing from a particular rule, duty, or obligation means to state officially that they are not bound or affected by it.
South Carolina claimed the power to exempt its citizens from the obligation to obey federal law…
南卡罗来纳州声称有权力免除该州公民遵守联邦法规的义务。
Companies with fifty-five or fewer employees would be exempted from the requirements.
员工在55人及以下的公司将免除这些条件。
exemption: …the exemption of employer-provided health insurance from taxation.雇主提供的健康保险免税…new exemptions for students and the low-paid.对学生和低收入者的最新豁免
ex·haus·tive
adj
\ig-ˈzȯ-stiv\
- ADJ-GRADED 详尽无遗的;彻底全面的 If you describe a study, search, or list as exhaustive, you mean that it is very thorough and complete.
This is by no means an exhaustive list but it gives an indication of the many projects taking place…
这绝称不上是详尽无遗的清单，但是列出了很多正在进行的项目。
The author’s treatment of the subject is exhaustive.
该作者对这个问题的分析很透彻。
exhaustively: Hawley said these costs were scrutinised exhaustively by independent accountants.霍利说独立会计师详细地审查过这些费用。…an exhaustively researched, sensitively written account.经过彻底研究并仔细记录的账目
— ex·haus·tive·ly adverb
— ex·haus·tive·ness noun
— ex·haus·tiv·i·ty -ˌzȯ-ˈsti-və-tē\ noun
The list was long but not exhaustive.
<after an exhaustive search of our house, we still hadn’t found the cat>
ex·hort
verb
\ig-ˈzȯrt\
- VERB 规劝;劝诫;劝告 If you exhort someone to do something, you try hard to persuade or encourage them to do it.
Kennedy exhorted his listeners to turn away from violence…
肯尼迪劝诫听众远离暴力。
He exhorted his companions, ‘Try to accomplish your aim with diligence’.
他劝诫同伴说：“要通过勤奋努力实现自己的目标。”
exhortation: Foreign funds alone are clearly not enough, nor are exhortations to reform.光有外资显然不够，只是劝告人们进行改革也不行。
— ex·hort·er noun
ex·i·gen·cy
noun
\ˈek-sə-jən(t)-sē\
- N-COUNT 紧急情况;危急关头;迫切需要 The exigencies of a situation or a job are the demands or difficulties that you have to deal with as part of it.
…the exigencies of a wartime economy.
战时经济的紧急情况
ex·ile
noun
\ˈeg-ˌzī(-ə)l\
- N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词 流放;放逐;流亡 If someone is living in exile, they are living in a foreign country because they cannot live in their own country, usually for political reasons.
He is now living in exile in Egypt…
他目前流亡埃及。
He returned from exile earlier this year.
今年早些时候他流亡归来。 - VERB 放逐;流放;使流亡 If someone is exiled, they are living in a foreign country because they cannot live in their own country, usually for political reasons.
His second wife, Hilary, had been widowed, then exiled from South Africa…
他的第二任妻子希拉丽已经成了寡妇，后来又被驱逐出南非。
They threatened to exile her in southern Spain.
他们威胁要将她流放到西班牙南部。 - N-COUNT 被流放者;流亡者 An exile is someone who has been exiled.
- VERB 开除;排除;使离开 If you say that someone has been exiled from a particular place or situation, you mean that they have been sent away from it or removed from it against their will.
He has been exiled from the first team and forced to play in third team matches…
他被开除出甲级球队，被迫参加丙级球队的比赛。
Michael was exiled to the kitchen for supper.
迈克尔被赶到厨房吃晚饭。
Exile is also a noun.
— ex·il·ic \eg-ˈzi-lik\ adjective
They hoped that his exile would be temporary.
Many chose to live as exiles rather than face persecution.
ex·o·dus
noun
\ˈek-sə-dəs\
- N-SING 大批离去;成群撤离 If there is an exodus of people from a place, a lot of people leave that place at the same time.
Lieutenant Malcolm said she saw no sign that the exodus from Haiti was abating…
马尔科姆海军上尉说她没有发现人们大批逃离海地有减缓的迹象。
The medical system is facing collapse because of an exodus of doctors.
由于医生大批离去，医疗系统面临崩溃。
<the mass exodus from the cities for the beaches and the mountains on most summer weekends>
ex·on·er·ate
verb
\ig-ˈzä-nə-ˌrāt\
n.免罪，免除
— ex·on·er·a·tion -ˌzä-nə-ˈrā-shən\ noun
— ex·on·er·a·tive -ˈzä-nə-ˌrā-tiv\ adjective
<the results of the DNA fingerprinting finally exonerated the man, but only after he had wasted 10 years of his life in prison>
ex·ot·ic
adj
\ig-ˈzä-tik\
- ADJ-GRADED 具有异国情调的;外来的;奇异的 Something that is exotic is unusual and interesting, usually because it comes from or is related to a distant country.
…brilliantly coloured, exotic flowers…
色彩斑斓的奇异花卉
She flits from one exotic location to another.
她辗转于异国他乡。
exotically: …exotically beautiful scenery.异常美丽的景色
— ex·ot·i·cal·ly -ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
— ex·ot·ic·ness -tik-nəs\ noun
She’s known for her exotic tastes.
<the gradual disappearance of exotic lands in a culturally homogenized world>
ex·pa·tri·ate
verb
\ek-ˈspā-trē-ˌāt\
- N-COUNT 移居国外者;侨民 An expatriate is someone who is living in a country which is not their own.
…British expatriates in Spain.
在西班牙的英国侨民
Expatriate is also an adjective.
The French military is preparing to evacuate women and children of expatriate families.
法国军方正准备撤离侨民家庭的妇女儿童。
— ex·pa·tri·ate -ˌāt\ noun
— ex·pa·tri·a·tion (ˌ)ek-ˌspā-trē-ˈā-shən\ noun
<members of the deposed dictator’s once-feared political party were expatriated as well>
ex·pe·di·ent
adj
\ik-ˈspē-dē-ənt\
- N-COUNT 权宜之计;应急措施 An expedient is an action that achieves a particular purpose, but may not be morally right.
Surgical waiting lists were reduced by the simple expedient of striking off all patients awaiting varicose vein operations…
采取了将所有等待进行静脉曲张手术的病人从名单上删除的简单做法，这一权宜之计使得外科手术等待名单得以缩减。
The story was a temporary expedient.
这个借口是临时的应急之法。 - ADJ-GRADED 有利的;方便的;权宜之计的 If it is expedient to do something, it is useful or convenient to do it, even though it may not be morally right.
Governments frequently ignore human rights abuses in other countries if it is politically expedient to do so.
如果在政治上对自己有利，各国政府经常忽视其他国家侵犯人权的行为。
— ex·pe·di·ent·ly adverb
