GMAT 09 Flashcards
1
Q
foreign body
A
- N-COUNT 外来物;异物 A foreign body is an object that has come into something else, usually by accident, and should not be in it.
…a foreign body in the eye.
眼中的异物
2
Q
fore·short·en
verb
\fȯr-ˈshȯr-tən\
A
- VERB (绘画、摄影等)按透视原理缩小（或缩短);(从特殊角度看)使显得缩小 To foreshorten someone or something means to draw them, photograph them, or see them from an unusual angle so that the parts of them that are furthest away seem smaller than they really are.
She could see herself in the reflecting lenses, which had grotesquely foreshortened her.
她能够看到自己在反光镜中被缩小的古怪形象。
…a steeply foreshortened view.
按透视原理缩小了许多的影像 - VERB 节略;省略;缩短 To foreshorten something means to make it shorter than it would otherwise be.
She felt that her husband’s unexpected promotion foreshortened his life.
她感觉丈夫的意外升迁缩短了他的人生。
…a foreshortened version of the opera.
歌剧的精简版本
3
Q
fore·stall
verb
\fȯr-ˈstȯl\
A
- VERB 预先阻止;抢在…之前行动 If you forestall someone, you realize what they are likely to do and prevent them from doing it.
O’Leary made to open the door, but Bunbury forestalled him by laying a hand on his arm…
奥利里想去开门，但是邦伯里抢先一把摁住了他的胳膊。
Large numbers of police were in the square to forestall any demonstrations.
广场上驻守着大批警察以防止任何示威活动。
— fore·stall·er noun
— fore·stall·ment -ˈstȯl-mənt\ noun
4
Q
forge
noun
\ˈfȯrj\
A
- V-RECIP 缔造;建立 If one person or institution forges an agreement or relationship with another, they create it with a lot of hard work, hoping that it will be strong or lasting.
The Prime Minister is determined to forge a good relationship with America’s new leader…
首相决意要和美国的新任领导人建立良好的关系。
They agreed to forge closer economic ties…
他们同意建立更加紧密的经济联系。 - VERB 创造;开创 If you say that a person has forged something that you approve of, you mean that you admire them for having done something difficult.
The project will help inmates forge new careers…
这项计划会帮助犯人开始新的职业。
Tito forged a unique model of communism after breaking with Stalin in 1948.
1948 年铁托在和斯大林决裂后创建了一种独特的共产主义模式。 - VERB 伪造，仿造(钞票、文件、绘画作品等) If someone forges something such as a banknote, a document, or a painting, they copy it or make it so that it looks genuine, in order to deceive people.
He admitted seven charges including forging passports…
他承认了7项罪名，其中包括伪造护照。
She alleged that Taylor had forged her signature on the form…
她声称泰勒在表格上伪造了她的签名。
forger: …the most prolific art forger in the country.这个国家最多产的艺术品仿造者 - N-COUNT 铁匠铺;锻造厂 A forge is a place where someone makes metal goods and equipment by heating pieces of metal and then shaping them.
…the blacksmith’s forge.
铁匠铺
…Woodbury Blacksmith & Forge Co.
伍德伯里锻造公司 - VERB 炼;锻造 If someone forges an object out of metal, they heat the metal and then hammer and bend it into the required shape.
To forge a blade takes great skill.
锻造刀刃需要很高超的技巧。
相关词组：forge ahead - PHRASAL VERB 取得进展;稳步推进 If you forge ahead with something, you continue with it and make a lot of progress with it.
He again pledged to forge ahead with his plans for reform…
他再次承诺会稳步推进自己的改革计划。
The two companies forged ahead, innovating and expanding.
两家公司加快发展，改革创新，不断扩张。
5
Q
form·al·de·hyde
noun
\fȯr-ˈmal-də-ˌhīd\
A
- N-UNCOUNT 甲醛(尤用于保存动植物标本) Formaldehyde is a strong-smelling gas, used especially to preserve parts of animals or plants for biological study.
6
Q
for·mi·da·ble
adj
\ˈfȯr-mə-də-bəl\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 可怕的;令人惊叹的;艰巨的 If you describe something or someone as formidable, you mean that you feel slightly frightened by them because they are very great or impressive.
We have a formidable task ahead of us…
我们面临着一项艰巨的任务。
Marsalis has a formidable reputation in both jazz and classical music…
马萨利斯在爵士乐和古典音乐领域都有极高的声望。
formidably: Sofia was attractive and formidably intelligent.索菲娅很有魅力，而且才智过人。
— for·mi·da·bil·i·ty \ˌfȯr-mə-də-ˈbi-lə-tē\ noun
— for·mi·da·ble·ness \ˈfȯr-mə-də-bəl-nəs\ noun
— for·mi·da·bly -blē\ adverb
7
Q
forth·com·ing
adj
\fȯrth-ˈkə-miŋ\
A
- ADJ 即将来临的;即将发生的 A forthcoming event is planned to happen soon.
…his opponents in the forthcoming elections.
他在即将来临的选举中的对手们 - ADJ 会发生的;现成的;可得到的 If something that you want, need, or expect is forthcoming, it is given to you or it happens.
They promised that the money would be forthcoming…
他们承诺钱会到位。
We must first see some real evidence. So far it has not been forthcoming…
我们必须先看到一些实证，而到目前为止并没有看到。 - ADJ-GRADED 乐于提供信息的;愿意提供帮助的 If you say that someone is forthcoming, you mean that they willingly give information when you ask them.
8
Q
forth·with
adv
(ˌ)fȯrth-ˈwith\
A
- ADV 马上;立刻;毫不迟缓地 Forthwith means immediately.
I could have you arrested forthwith!
我可以立即逮捕你！
9
Q
for·ti·tude
noun
\ˈfȯr-tə-ˌtüd\
A
- N-UNCOUNT 刚毅;坚忍 If you say that someone has shown fortitude, you admire them for being brave, calm, and uncomplaining when they have experienced something unpleasant or painful.
He suffered a long series of illnesses with tremendous dignity and fortitude.
他凭借超乎常人的保持生命尊严的信念和顽强意志力忍受着各种病痛的折磨。
She has endured disappointments with fortitude and patience.
<it was only with the greatest fortitude that the Pilgrims were able to survive their first winter in Plymouth>
10
Q
for·tress
noun
\ˈfȯr-trəs\
A
- N-COUNT 堡垒;防御阵地;要塞 A fortress is a castle or other large strong building, or a well-protected place, which is intended to be difficult for enemies to enter.
…a 13th-century fortress.
13 世纪的堡垒
— for·tress·like -līk\ adjective
11
Q
fos·ter
adj
\ˈfȯs-tər\
A
- ADJ 寄养的;代养的 Foster parents are people who officially take a child into their family for a period of time, without becoming the child’s legal parents. The child is referred to as their foster child.
Little Jack was placed with foster parents…
小杰克和养父母住在一起。
The foster mother was a wonderful, warm person.
寄养母是一个很不错的热心人。 - VERB 寄养;代养 If you foster a child, you take it into your family for a period of time, without becoming its legal parent.
She has since gone on to find happiness by fostering more than 100 children.
从那以后她代养了 100 多个孩子，并从中得到快乐。 - VERB 促进;鼓励;培养 To foster something such as an activity or idea means to help it to develop.
He said that developed countries had a responsibility to foster global economic growth to help new democracies…
他说，发达国家有责任促进全球经济增长，以帮助新兴民主国家。
Its cash crisis has been fostered by declining property values.
地产贬值引发了现金危机。
12
Q
foul
adj
\ˈfau̇(-ə)l\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 难吃的;肮脏的;恶臭的 If you describe something as foul, you mean it is dirty and smells or tastes unpleasant.
…foul polluted water…
恶臭的脏水
The smell was quite foul.
臭气熏天。 - ADJ-GRADED (言语)粗俗的，冒犯的 Foul language is offensive and contains swear words or rude words.
He was sent off for using foul language in a match last Sunday…
他在上周日的一场比赛中因为骂人而被罚下场。
He had a foul mouth.
他爱说脏话。 - ADJ-GRADED 易怒的;暴躁的 If someone has a foul temper or is in a foul mood, they become angry or violent very suddenly and easily.
Collins was in a foul mood even before the interviews began.
柯林斯在采访还没开始时就暴躁不安起来。 - ADJ-GRADED (天气)恶劣的，多风的，有暴风雨的 Foul weather is unpleasant, windy, and stormy.
- VERB 弄脏;弄污;污染 If a place is fouled by someone or something, they make it dirty.
A village’s entire beach and harbor can be fouled by a single rotting whale…
一只腐烂的死鲸就足以弄脏一个村子的整片海滩和港口。
Two oil-related accidents near Los Angeles have fouled the ocean and the skies there.
发生在洛杉矶附近的两起漏油事故已经污染了那里的海洋和天空。 - VERB (动物拉屎)弄脏 If an animal fouls a place, it drops faeces onto the ground.
It is an offence to let your dog foul a footpath.
让狗在人行道上拉屎是违法行为。 - VERB (使)绞住;(使)缠住 If a machine or vehicle fouls part of its mechanism or if something such as a rope fouls the mechanism, the mechanism can no longer work properly because something has become twisted or knotted around it.
The freighter fouled its propeller in fishing nets.
货船的螺旋桨被渔网缠住了。 - VERB 对…犯规 In a game or sport, if a player fouls another player, they touch them or block them in a way which is not allowed according to the rules.
Middlesbrough’s Jimmy Phillips was sent off for fouling Steve Tilson.
米德尔斯堡队的吉米·菲利普斯因为对史蒂夫·蒂尔森犯规而被罚下场。 - N-COUNT 犯规 A foul is an act in a game or sport that is not allowed according to the rules.
He picked up his first booking for a 45th-minute foul on Bull.
他因为在比赛进行到第 45 分钟时对公牛队犯规而被第一次记名警告。
Foul is also an adjective.
…a foul tackle.
犯规的擒抱动作 - PHRASE 声明对手犯规;声称对手违法 If you cry foul, you claim that someone, especially an opponent or rival, has acted illegally or unfairly.
Deprived of the crushing victory it was confidently expecting, the party cried foul.
失去了自以为十拿九稳的压倒性胜利，该政党声称对手违规。 - PHRASE 不择手段地;采取一切手段地 If someone tries to achieve something by fair means or foul, they use every means possible in order to achieve it, and they do not care if their behaviour is dishonest or unfair.
They will only be satisfied if they regain control —by fair means or foul.
只有重新掌权他们才会满意——为此他们将不择手段。 - PHRASE 惹恼;触怒 If you fall foul of someone or run foul of them, you do something which gets you into trouble with them.
He had fallen foul of the FBI.
他已经惹恼了联邦调查局。
…teenagers who run foul of the law.
触犯法律的青少年
相关词组：foul up
- PHRASAL VERB 搞砸;弄糟 If you foul up something such as a plan, you spoil it by doing something wrong or stupid.
There are serious risks that laboratories may foul up these tests.
实验室很有可能搞砸这些试验。
— foul·ly \ˈfau̇(l)-lē\ adverb
— foul·ness noun
13
Q
frac·tion
noun
\ˈfrak-shən\
A
- N-COUNT 少量;小份;一点儿 A fraction of something is a tiny amount or proportion of it.
She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding…
她在回答之前犹豫了一下。
Here’s how to eat like the stars, at a fraction of the cost…
这就是如何花少量钱却能像明星一样吃喝的方法。 - N-COUNT 分数 A fraction is a number that can be expressed as a proportion of two whole numbers. For example, ½ and ⅓ are both fractions.
The students had a grasp of decimals, percentages and fractions.
学生们掌握了小数、百分数和分数。
14
Q
frac·ture
noun
\ˈfrak-chər\
A
- N-COUNT 破裂;(尤指)骨折 A fracture is a slight crack or break in something, especially a bone.
At least one-third of all women over ninety have sustained a hip fracture.
超过90岁的所有女性中至少有1/3已经出现髋骨骨折。 - V-ERG (使)(轻微)骨折;(使)断裂 If something such as a bone is fractured or fractures, it gets a slight crack or break in it.
You’ve fractured a rib, maybe more than one…
你的一根肋骨断了，可能不止一根。
One strut had fractured and been crudely repaired in several places…
一根撑木出现了裂痕，有几处已进行了粗略的修补。 - V-ERG (使)分裂;(使)解散 If something such as an organization or society is fractured or fractures, it splits into several parts or stops existing.
His policy risks fracturing the coalition…
他的政策有分裂联盟的风险。
It might be a society that could fracture along class lines.
它可能成为一个阶级分化的社会。
fractured: …in a world of fractured cultures and global interdependence.在一个文化多元、全球互相依赖的世界里
15
Q
frag·ile
adj
\ˈfra-jəl\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 脆弱的;不确定的 If you describe a situation as fragile, you mean that it is weak or uncertain, and unlikely to be able to resist strong pressure or attack.
The fragile economies of several southern African nations could be irreparably damaged…
一些南非国家的脆弱经济可能会被彻底破坏，无法挽回。
The Prime Minister’s fragile government was on the brink of collapse…
首相领导的脆弱的政府处在瓦解边缘。
fragility: By mid-1988 there were clear indications of the extreme fragility of the Right-wing coalition.到 1988 年年中，有明显迹象表明右翼联盟极度脆弱。 - ADJ-GRADED 易碎的;易坏的 Something that is fragile is easily broken or damaged.
He leaned back in his fragile chair.
他仰靠在那把摇摇晃晃的椅子上。
fragility: Older drivers are more likely to be seriously injured because of the fragility of their bones.老司机由于骨骼脆化更有可能受重伤。 - ADJ-GRADED (外表)精致的，精巧的 Something that is fragile is very delicate or fine in appearance.
The haircut emphasised her fragile beauty.
发型突出了她的精致之美。 - ADJ-GRADED 虚弱的;无力的 If someone feels fragile, they feel weak, for example because they are ill or have drunk too much alcohol.
He felt irritated and strangely fragile, as if he were recovering from a severe bout of flu.
他感到恼火和莫名其妙的虚弱，仿佛经历了一场重感冒，正在康复。
— fra·gil·i·ty \frə-ˈji-lə-tē\ noun
16
Q
frag·ment
noun
\ˈfrag-mənt\
A
- N-COUNT 碎片;片断;小部分 A fragment of something is a small piece or part of it.
The noun is pronounced /’frægmənt/. The verb is pronounced /fræg’ment/. 名词读作/’frægmənt/。动词读作/fræg’ment/。
…fragments of metal in my shoulder…
我肩膀里的几块金属碎片
She read everything, digesting every fragment of news.
她什么都看，对新闻的每个片段都细细品味。 - V-ERG (使)成碎片;(使)分裂;(使)分化 If something fragments or is fragmented, it breaks or separates into small pieces or parts.
The clouds fragmented and out came the sun…
乌云散开，太阳出来了。
Fierce rivalries have traditionally fragmented the region…
激烈的竞争已经如从前一样使得该地区四分五裂。
fragmentation: …the extraordinary fragmentation of styles on the music scene.音乐界极其多元化的风格
17
Q
fra·grance
noun
\ˈfrā-grən(t)s\
A
- N-VAR 香味;香气;芳香 A fragrance is a pleasant or sweet smell.
…a shrubby plant with a strong characteristic fragrance.
散发出一种浓郁的独特香味的灌木
…the fragrance of his cologne.
他身上古龙香水的味道 - N-MASS 香水 Fragrance is a pleasant-smelling liquid which people put on their bodies to make themselves smell nice.
The advertisement is for a male fragrance.
这则广告宣传的是一款男士香水。
18
Q
frame
verb
\ˈfrām\
A
- N-COUNT (尤指挂在墙上展示的)画框，镜框 The frame of a picture or mirror is the wood, metal, or plastic that is fitted around it, especially when it is displayed or hung on a wall.
Estelle kept a photograph of her mother in a silver frame on the kitchen mantelpiece.
埃丝特尔把母亲的一张镶银框的照片挂在厨房壁炉台上。
…a pair of picture frames.
一对画框 - N-COUNT 框;架;骨架;框架 The frame of an object such as a building, chair, or window is the arrangement of wooden, metal, or plastic bars between which other material is fitted, and which give the object its strength and shape.
He supplied housebuilders with modern timber frames…
他给房屋建筑商提供了现代的木构架。
With difficulty he released the mattress from the metal frame, and groped beneath it…
他费了很大力气才把床垫从金属架上移开，然后在下面摸索。 - N-COUNT 眼镜框;眼镜架 The frames of a pair of glasses are all the metal or plastic parts of it, but not the lenses.
He was wearing new spectacles with gold wire frames.
他戴了一副新的金边眼镜。 - N-COUNT (人体的)骨架;(尤指)体形，体态 You can refer to someone’s body as their frame, especially when you are describing the general shape of their body.
Their belts are pulled tight against their bony frames.
他们的腰带紧紧裹着瘦骨嶙峋的身体。 - N-COUNT (电影的)画面，镜头 A frame of cinema film is one of the many separate photographs that it consists of.
Standard 8mm projects at 16 frames per second.
标准的 8 毫米的胶片每秒放映16 组镜头。 - ADJ (建筑)木制的，木结构的 A frame building is one in which pieces of wood form the most important part of the structure, rather than bricks or stone.
He lives in a white-painted frame house behind a picket fence up in Connecticut.
他住在康涅狄格州北部一个漆成白色的木制房子里，屋子前面竖着尖桩篱栅。 - VERB 给…加框 When a picture or photograph is framed, it is put in a frame.
The picture is now ready to be mounted and framed…
这幅画现在可以装裱加框了。
On the wall is a large framed photograph.
墙上挂着一张大幅的镶框照片。 - VERB 给…镶边;给…做框 If an object is framed by a particular thing, it is surrounded by that thing in a way that makes the object more striking or attractive to look at.
The swimming pool is framed by tropical gardens…
泳池周围都是栽种热带花卉的花园。
An elegant occasional table is framed in the window.
一张雅致的供重大活动使用的餐桌被摆放在橱窗里。 - VERB 创设，拟定，制定(规则、计划或体系) If someone frames something such as a set of rules, a plan, or a system, they create and develop it.
After the war, a convention was set up to frame a constitution.
战后，为制定宪法组织了一次会议。 - VERB 表达;表示 If someone frames something in a particular style or kind of language, they express it in that way.
The story is framed in a format that is part thriller, part love story…
情节的展开模式既像惊险小说，又像爱情故事。
He framed this question three different ways in search of an answer.
为了寻求答案，他以 3 种不同方式提出了这个问题。 - VERB 作伪证;陷害;诬陷 If someone frames an innocent person, they make other people think that that person is guilty of a crime, by lying or inventing evidence.
I need to find out who tried to frame me…
我得找出是谁企图诬陷我。
He claimed that he had been framed by the police.
他声称自己被警察设计陷害了。 - PHRASE See also: cold frame 在…考虑范围内;有机会成为… If someone is in the frame for something such as a job or position, they are being considered for it.
We need a win to keep us in the frame for the title.
要想保住夺冠希望，我们还需要再赢一场比赛。
— fram·able or frame·able \ˈfrā-mə-bəl\ adjective
— fram·er noun
19
Q
frame·work
noun
\ˈfrām-ˌwərk\
A
- N-COUNT 体制;体系 A framework is a particular set of rules, ideas, or beliefs which you use in order to deal with problems or to decide what to do.
… within the framework of federal regulations.
在联邦法规的体制内 - N-COUNT 框架;构架;支架 A framework is a structure that forms a support or frame for something.
…wooden shelves on a steel framework.
钢支架上的木隔板
20
Q
fra·ter·nal
adj
\frə-ˈtər-nəl\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 兄弟的;兄弟般的;友爱的 Fraternal actions show strong links of friendship between two people or groups of people.
…the fraternal assistance of our colleagues and comrades…
同事和朋友们对我们兄弟般的帮助
He said he hoped the issue could be solved in a fraternal way.
他表示希望这个问题能以友好的方式解决。 - ADJ 异卵双生的 Fraternal twins are twins born from two eggs, so they are not exactly the same. They look different from each other and may be different sexes.
【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n
— fra·ter·nal·ism -nə-ˌliz-əm\ noun
— fra·ter·nal·ly -nəl-ē\ adverb
