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From Flashcardlet > bio > Flashcards

bio Flashcards

0
Q

Excretion

A

Getting rid of waste

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1
Q

Nutrition

A

Getting food from an environment and breaking it down

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2
Q

Transport

A

Intake and circulation of needed materials

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3
Q

Regulation

A

Response of change in an ecosystem

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4
Q

Respiration

A

Involves a series of chemical reactions to break down food to get energy

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5
Q

Growth

A

Increase in siz

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6
Q

Synthesis

A

Breaking apart cells

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7
Q

Locomotion

A

Moving from one place to another

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8
Q

Reproduction

A

Producing similar offspring

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9
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

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10
Q

What are the levels of taxonomy from largest to smallest?

A

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

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11
Q

What does the kingdom Animalia have?

A

Nucleus, multicellular, consumer, no cell wall, they have locomotion, ex: cat

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12
Q

What does the kingdom plant have?

A

Nucleus, multicellular, producer, contains a cell wall, they do not have locomotion, ex: rose

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13
Q

What does the kingdom fungi have?

A

Nucleus, multicellular, producer and consumer, no cell wall, they cant move, ex: mushroom

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14
Q

What does the kingdom Protist have?

A

Contains a nucleus, unicellular, producer, no cell wall, they can move, ex; amoeba

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15
Q

What does the kingdom Monera contain?

A

No nucleus, multicellular, producer, no cell wall, and they can move, ex: bacteria

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16
Q

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

A

All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
New cells are produced from exsisting cells

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17
Q

What are the levels of organization from top to bottom?

A

Biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom

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18
Q

What substances is the cell membrane formed?

A

.

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19
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A

controls all activities

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20
Q

what is the function of centrioles?

A

Organise the cell division

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21
Q

function of ribosome?

A

Protein synthesis

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22
Q

function of mitochondria?

A

site of cell respiration

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23
Q

function of vacuole?

A

Stores water salt proteins and carbs

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24
Q

function of the plasma membrane?

A

flexible barrier “gate carrier”

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25
Q

Function of cell wall?

A

supporting layer over cell membrane

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26
Q

function of chloroplast?

A

photosynthesis

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27
Q

function of cytoplasm?

A

metabolism takes place

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28
Q

function of chromosome?

A

Contains genetic info

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29
Q

function of endoplasmic reticulum?

A

lipid components are assembled

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30
Q

function of lysosome?

A

breakdown of lipids cards and protein

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31
Q

function of golgi bodies?

A

modify sort and package proteins

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32
Q

what is an organic compound?

A

Contains carbon and hydrogen

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33
Q

what are characteristics of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

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34
Q

characteristics of lipids?

A

fatty acids. not soluble in water and glycerol

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35
Q

characteristics of proteins?

A

contains nitrogen, amino acids and controls reaction rates

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36
Q

what catagory do enzymes belong?

A

proteins

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37
Q

what is the function of an enzyme?

A

to speed up a reaction

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38
Q

what are the four factors that affect enzyme activity?

A

substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, temperature and pH level

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39
Q

what is optimum temperature in enzymes?

A

body temperature (98.6 or 37)

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40
Q

when the chemical names end in OSE what is this compound?

A

carbohydrates

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41
Q

if thechemicals name has the ending ASE what does this indicate about the compound?

A

it’s an enzyme

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42
Q

exocytosis

A

a process by which contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane through the cell membrane

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43
Q

endocytosis

A

the matter in of a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole

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44
Q

plasmolysis

A

contraction of photoplast of a plant cell as result of a result of a loss of water

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45
Q

phagocytosis

A

the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protazoans

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46
Q

what is the name of the enzyme model?

A

lock and key

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47
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

the chemical breakdown of a compound due to water

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48
Q

what is dehydration synthesis?

A

the loss of water in a reaction

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49
Q

why is the shape of an enzyme so important?

A

because it only fits one substrate

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50
Q

plants store their excess glucose in what?

A

plant starch

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51
Q

where do humans store their excess glucose?

A

in a form called glycogen

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52
Q

what is the h:o ratio in carbohydrates?

A

2:1

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53
Q

the three groups of lipids include..

A

fats, lipids, and oils

54
Q

what are the three functions of lipids?

A

to store energy
important to biological membranes
waterproof, covering
and secondary source of energy

55
Q

what is the building block of proteins?

A

amino acids

56
Q

what is a population?

A

a population is a group of individuals that belong to the same species in the same area.

57
Q

what is a community?

A

a community is the assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined place.

58
Q

what is an ecosystem?

A

an ecosystem is a collection of all the organisms that live together in a particular place together with physical non living environments.

59
Q

what is a biome?

A

a biome is a group of ecosystems that have the same environment and climate.

60
Q

what is a biosphere?

A

a biosphere contains the combined portions of the planet in which all life exists including land, water, air and atmosphere.

61
Q

what is ecology?

A

ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and between their environment and or other surroundings.

62
Q

what is the ultimate source of energy?

A

the sun

63
Q

what is carrying capacity?

A

carrying capacity is when the largest number of a species in a growing environment can support.

64
Q

why is biodiversity important to organisms?

A

because of the different species provide different things and materials

65
Q

what is succession?

A

a series of predictable changes in an environment of a period of time

66
Q

another name for a primary consumer is….

A

herbivore

67
Q

another name for a secondary consumer…

A

herbivore or carnivore

68
Q

mutualism is.. -++,+-,+O ?

A

++

69
Q

comensalism Is? ++ +- +o

A

+o

70
Q

parisitism Is? ++ +- +o

A

+-

71
Q

What Is The main threat with acid rain?

A

pollution

72
Q

what is the ozone layer?

A

a barrier around the earth protecting us from radiation and asteroids.

73
Q

why is there a hole in the ozone layer?

A

CFCs

74
Q

why is the hole in the ozone a problem?

A

more skin cancer

75
Q

what is water freezing in celcius?

A

0

76
Q

what is water boiling temperature in celcius?

A

100

77
Q

body temp in celcius?

A

37

78
Q

room temperature in celcius?

A

20

79
Q

what is a eukaryotes?

A

an organism that has a nucleus

80
Q

what is a prokaryote?

A

an organism that DOESNT contain a nucleus

81
Q

diffusion

A

particles move from high to low concentration

82
Q

what is equilibrium?

A

when the concentration of a solute has the same concentration as the system

83
Q

what is osmosis?

A

water passes through a membrane even some other molecules can’t.

84
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

one conc

85
Q

hypertonic solution?

A

cell shrinks because of plasmolysis

86
Q

hypotonic solution?

A

cell swells as osmotic pressure builds

87
Q

isotonic solution?

A

cell will show no change but continue to move through the membrane.

88
Q

contractile vacuole

A

cavities in the cytoplasm specialize to store water

89
Q

what is cell division?

A

cell divided into new daughter cells

90
Q

what is mitosis?

A

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell divides

91
Q

what is cytokinesis?

A

the division of the cells cytoplasm and all organelles

92
Q

what is replication?

A

its a copying process in which a cell duplicates dna

93
Q

what is the cell cycle?

A

series of events that cells go theough as they grow and divide.

94
Q

what is interphase?

A

period of time betwen cell changes

95
Q

what happens during prophase?

A

spindle fibers form and the nuclear membrane breaks down

96
Q

what happens during metaphase?

A

double stranded chromosomes line up at the middle, attachesd to spindle fibers by their centromeres

97
Q

what happens during anaphase?

A

sister chromatids pull apart and move to opposite poles

98
Q

what happens during telophase?

A

nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes forming two nucleui.

99
Q

what happens in cytokinesis in plants? animals?

A

plants: a cell plate forms, the cell plate eventually becomes a cell wall
animals: cell membrane pinches in and forms a cleavage furrow, eventually separating the two daughter cells

100
Q

what is a cleavage furrow?

A

the place between the two dividing cells.

101
Q

daughter cells are genetically………..

A

the same

102
Q

what are cyclins?

A

cyclins regulate the timing of the cell cycle

103
Q

what is an internal regulator?

A

proteins that respond to events inside the cell.

104
Q

what are external regulators?

A

proteins that respond to events outside the cell

105
Q

what is cancer?

A

a disorder in which some off the bodies’ own cells lose the ability to control growth

106
Q

what is p53?

A

a tumor supressor

107
Q

what is a tumor?

A

a mass growing tissue

108
Q

whast is metasis?

A

the spreading of cancer ffrom one point to another.

109
Q

asexual reproduction

A

involves one parent only, offspring genetically the same, mitosis

110
Q

binary fission

A

organism replicates its dna and divides into half providing two daughter cells

111
Q

budding

A

simillar to binary fission, except cytoplasmic division is unequal

112
Q

sporation

A

formation of spores, released from parent when conditions are favorable

113
Q

fragmentation

A

the development of an entire new organism from part of new organism

114
Q

regeneration

A

replacement of lost structures

115
Q

vegative propagation

A

a method of asexually reproducing multicellular plants

116
Q

cuttings

A

using a piece of a root stem or leaf in soil or water

117
Q

bulbs

A

a modified underground stem surrounded by leaves. small bullbets develop around the base of the bulb

118
Q

tubers

A

underground stem used for storage, it can be cut into multiple pieces, each with a bud or eye and planted in soil.

119
Q

runners

A

an above ground horizontal stem with a small plant, genetically identical to the parent growing from the end. the young plant will develop roots when in contacts water or moist soil.

120
Q

grafting

A

consists of a rootstock (a hardy plant that has roots) and a scion (cutting taken from the desired plant) the scion will soo develop into a branch that is genetically identical to the parent from which it came

121
Q

what is gametogenesis?

A

the formation of gametes

122
Q

what is oogenesis?

A

the formation of eggs or ova

123
Q

what is spermatogenesis?

A

the formation of sperm

124
Q

how many parents are involved in sexual reproduction?

A

2

125
Q

what is meiosis?

A

a cell division which makes eggs and sperm

126
Q

where are gametes made?

A

in gonads

127
Q

what are homologous chromosomes?

A

pairs of chromosomes that look alike and carry genes for the same trait

128
Q

what happens during meiosis I?

A

the cell divides into two cells and the chromosome number is reduced from 2n to n as the homologous chromosome is separated from their partner.

129
Q

what happens during meiosis II?

A

2 cells divide into 4 as the double stranded chromosome are divide into single stranded chromosomes.

130
Q

tetrad

A

each chromosome pairing up with its corresponding homologous chromosome

131
Q

crossing over

A

chromosomes exchanging portions of their chromatids

132
Q

disjunction

A

the separation of homologous chromosomes

133
Q

non-disjunction

A

when homologous chromosomes fail to separate

From Flashcardlet (25 decks)

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