1.7 Create Accessible Sites per Various AT Strategies

Question 1

What are the two vision disabilities?

Answer 1

Blindness

Low Vision

Question 2

What two ways does a SR deliver web content to the blind user?

Answer 2

Speech

Braile

Question 3

How does a screen reader organize the contents of the web page to help the blind user have quick access? How can developers help this occur?

Answer 3

It makes lists of common elements such as landmarks, headings, links, form controls, etc. that are presented to the users in tabbable format.
The underlying HTML or aria-roles helps in this.

Question 4

What is one technique for providing instructions to user who only tab through sites?

Answer 4

Provide aria-describedby that pick up text missed in non tabbable elements

Question 5

What is the main thing to consider with a blind person using a touch screen?

Answer 5

They cannot see the elements’ location on the screen.

Question 6

How does a screen reader help a blind person using a touch screen?

Answer 6

The SR overrides

the visual method for interacting and replaces it with a gesture-based system.

Question 7

Screen reader gestures for touch screens include what basic gestures?

Answer 7

Swipe right - go forward
Swipe left - go backward
Single Tap- announce active element
Double Tap - activate current button or link
The specific gestures vary from one brand of a screen reader to the next.

Question 8

What is the most common SR used on desktops/laptops?

Answer 8

JAWS, followed by NVDA, then VO

Question 9

Which browser is most often used by SR users on desktop/laptop?

Answer 9

Chrome,
then Microsoft Edge
then Firefox
then Safari

Question 10

What is the most widely used mobile SR?

Answer 10

VoiceOver

then TalkBack

Question 11

Most popular desktop/laptop SR/Browser combos?

Answer 11

JAWS/Chrome
NVDA/Chrome
JAWS/Edge
NVDA/Firefox
JAWS/Firefos
VO/Safari

Question 12

What percentage of SR users are on a Windows machine?

Answer 12

91%

Question 13

What percent of SR users use mobile devices?

Answer 13

90%

Question 14

What the market share split between AT users between Android and Apple devices?

Answer 14

9 to 3.25

Basically, two third more people use Apple mobile devices than Android ones

Question 15

What is the SR users’ favorite way to find information?

Answer 15

Using Headings! by far

Question 16

Which document type to SR users find to be most accessible?

Answer 16

WORD

Question 17

Does JAWS support touch gestures?

Answer 17

Yes, with Windows 8 or later

Question 18

JAWS touch, a two-finger rotate alternates between what three modes?

Answer 18

Touch Navigation
Text Reading
Speech Settings

Question 19

Does JAWS support using the Windows touch keyboard?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

What are the default “JAWS Key”s?

Answer 20

Desktop = the INSERT key
Laptop = the CAPS LOCK key

Question 21

JAWS- what are does pressing certain letter keys do? (called Navigation Quick Keys)

Answer 21

MOVES YOU TO CERTAIN HTML ELEMENTS
B for buttons
T for tables, 
F for form controls, 
P for paragraph,
V for visited links, 
H for headings, 
X for checkboxes and so on. 
Add SHIFT to any navigation quick key to move to the previous element of that type.

Question 22

JAWS- How do you bring up the Virtual HTML Features dialog box?

Answer 22

INSERT + F3

Question 23

JAWS- How do you bring up the list of certain kinds of elements on a page?

Answer 23

CTRL + INSERT + QUICK NAV LETTER

Question 24

JAWS- 
how to go to top of page?
how do you close a page?
move through all the links?
move between two open pages?
move between all the headlines?

Answer 24

CTRL + F4
CTRL + HOME
TAB (or U or V)
CTRL + TAB
H

Question 25

JAWS and ARIA Regions- What is the Quick Key for regions? How do you navigate them?

Answer 25

R is for regions INSERT + CTRL + R = list of regions Use R and Shift + R to move between regions

Question 26

JAWS- how many levels of verbosity does the Virtual Cursor provide?

Answer 26

Three: low, medium, high

Question 27

JAWS and tables, how many views?

Answer 27

Two- Simple Layout and Screen Layout. With Simple Layout, each cell of the table is displayed on a separate line in the virtual buffer. Screen Layout mode allows you to read tables by row, just as they are presented on the screen. With Screen Layout each row of the table is displayed on a separate line and each cell is separated by a vertical bar.

Question 28

When does JAWS ignore images?

Answer 28

When they have no alt, title or long description AND are not links. For images that are links, JAWS announces the file path

Question 29

JAWS- CTRL + INSERT + DOWN ARROW does what?

Answer 29

Skim reads- reads the first line of every paragraph on the page

Question 30

How many different screen readers should you perform tests with?

Answer 30

At least two.

Question 31

What are the recommended OS/Browser/SR combos to test?

Answer 31

Windows- JAWS/Chrome, NVDA/Firefox, Narrator/Edge MAC/iOS - VO/Safari Android- TalkBack/Chrome

Question 32

What are important things to test with a SR/keyboard?

Answer 32

``` Interactive elements get focus Visual focus exists Tags, labels, alt text exist/announced Widgets can be browsed Roles are announced State changes are announced ```

Question 33

Other than SRs, what Strategies are used by Low Vision users?

Answer 33

Text Enlargement/Zoom in the browser Changing colors in browser, OS, Or with access tools Magnifying tools

Question 34

What are commonly used Magnifiers?

Answer 34

ZoomText and SuperNova

Question 35

Does ZoomText come with screen reader?

Answer 35

Yes, but it also interfaces with JAWS

Question 36

Does SuperNova magnifier also do SR?

Answer 36

They have three versions and two of them also read.

Question 37

Users with Reading disabilities use what Strategies?

Answer 37

Text readers, text-to-speech or nothing. they may change text size, color, or fonts They may use a custom style sheet They will seek out visual presentation of the data such as charts, tables, images They will seek audio presentation of data

Question 38

What are some Strategies used by those with cognitive disabilities?

Answer 38

``` Text readers, text-to-speech ad blockers, screen masking, Audio presentation Visual presentation other than text ```

Question 39

What should designers do to help those with cognitive disabilities?

Answer 39

``` Avoid Animated video Don't overuse graphics Simple language Use text, images and audio Clear headings, boundaries, regions Don't rely on memory Support adaptation and personalization Help users find what they need Help users avoid mistake ```

Question 40

People with motoric disabilities use what Strategies?

Answer 40

``` Keyboards Mouse (with or without added features) Tremor filtering mousepad and pointer software Eye-tracking Point scanning Speech control ```

Question 41

The Do's of designing for motoric disabilities

Answer 41

Keyboard navigable Visual indicator that shows focus Large, clearly visible, and easy to spot clickable areas Prediction and autofill to limit keystrokes needed Don't confuse the user