17. Developmental anomalies of the heart

Question 1

heart tubes anomalies

Answer 1

• anagesis
• hypoplasia
• ectopia cordis

Question 2

anagesis

Answer 2

no heart tubes (no heart at all)

Question 3

hypoplasia

Answer 3

heart is too small

Question 4

ectopia cordis

Answer 4

heart develops outside of thoracic cavity

Question 5

what heart anomalies could happen in twin pregnancy

Answer 5

Anagesis & ectopia cordis

Question 6

septae anomalies

Answer 6

ventricular septal defect
atrial septal defect

Question 7

atrial septal defect 2 forms

Answer 7

• true ASD
• patent/ persistent foramen ovale

Question 8

valvular anomalies

Answer 8

• pulmonic stenosis
• subaortic stenosis
• atrioventricular valve dysplasia
• valvular cyst

Question 9

pulmonic stenosis

Answer 9

small central orifice in pulmonic valve

valvular stenosis

Question 10

subaortic stenosis

Answer 10

formation of fib rous ring below

sub valvular stenosis

Question 11

atrioventricular valve dysplasia

Answer 11

dysplastic malformation

tricuspid & mitral

Question 12

valvular cysts

Answer 12

on AV valve

hemocyst (blood) & lymphocyst (serum)

most common in bovine

Question 13

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 13

• VSD
• pulmonic stenosis
• dextraposition of aorta
• right ventricular hypertrophy (secondary defects)

Question 14

dextraposition of aorta

Answer 14

aorta shifted to the right , over ventricular septal defect causing it to receive blood left & right ventricle

Question 15

endocardium anomalies

Answer 15

endocardial fibroelastosis

in burmese cats

Question 16

endocardial fibroelastosis

Answer 16

increased amount of collagen & elastic fibres

is thickened, opaque & grayish-white

Question 17

blood vessels anomalies

Answer 17

• persistant truncus arteriosus
• transposition of aorta & pulmonary artery
• patent duct arteriosis
• persistant right aortic arch

Question 18

persistant right aortic arch

Answer 18

aorta formed on right instead of left

lig arteriosum forms a ring that can constrict oesophagus & trachea

Question 19

persistant truncus arteriosus

Answer 19

should have split into pulmonary trunk & aorta but here a single trunk

Question 20

Transposition of aorta & pulmonary artery

Answer 20

Exchange of places

Question 21

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 21

Connection btw pulmonary artery & aorta
Left to right shunt: flow from aorta to pulmonary trunk (volume overload on lungs, left atrium, left ventricle)

Question 23

Patent ductus arteriosus consequence

Answer 23

Left sided dilation
Left sided heart failure
Pulmonary oedema