17. Skin inflammation

Question 1

Langerhans cells are in which layer of the skin?

Answer 1

Epidermis

Question 2

Langerhans cell is what type of cells?

Answer 2

Dendritic cell

Question 3

Function of langerhans cell x2

Answer 3

Picks up antigen that enters skin - transport to lymph node

Presents antigen to CD4+ T-helper cell

Question 4

Th17 is in excess in what skin condition?

Answer 4

Psoariasis

Question 5

Th2 is in excess in what skin condition?

Answer 5

Eczema

Question 6

Four signs of acute inflammation are?

Answer 6

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain

Question 7

Acute inflammation of a region can result in?

Answer 7

Loss of function in that region

Question 8

Urticaria is mediated via what cell type?

Answer 8

MAST cell mediated

Question 9

Urticaria is also known as?

Answer 9

Hives

Question 10

Antigen presenting cells result in the production of which Th lymphocytes in inflammation?

Answer 10

Th2

Question 11

Th2 lymphocytes result in the release of which two interleukins?

Answer 11

IL4

IL5

Question 12

Which Ig attaches to MAST cells in inflammation?

Answer 12

IgE

Question 13

Which cells produce IgE in inflammation?

Answer 13

B cells

Question 14

Action of MAST cells in inflammation? x2

Answer 14

Activation of eosinophils

Release of e.g. histamine

Question 15

Action of eosinophils in inflammation?

Answer 15

Release of granulocytes - pro-inflammatory factors are released

Question 16

Which cells are already sensitised when there is a second exposure to an allergen?

Answer 16

MAST cells

Question 17

Four things that are released from activated MAST cells when an allergen is inhaled?

Answer 17

Histamine
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
Platelet aggregating factor

Question 18

Function of MAST cells x3

Answer 18

Recruitment and activation of most WBCs
Maintenance of tight junctions
Degradation of endogenous toxic mediators

Question 19

Activation of MAST cells has what effect on the bronchi?

Answer 19

Bronchoconstriction - histamines

Question 20

Effect of histamine on smooth muscle?

Answer 20

Smooth muscle contraction

Question 21

Consequences of the lack of histamine on smooth muscle? x2

Answer 21

Vessel leakage

Oedema

Question 22

Effect of histamine on arteries?

Answer 22

Arteriole dilatation

Question 23

Immune response modulated by histamine via which receptors?

Answer 23

H2

Question 24

What is the component investigated when measuring allergies to dust mites?

Answer 24

Der P1

Question 25

Function of Der P1

Answer 25

Breaks down components of tight junctions - helps to cross the mucosa

Question 26

Anaphylaxis differs in terms of histamine release how?

Answer 26

Local histamine release - allergy | General histamine release - anaphylaxis

Question 27

Main problem occurring in pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 27

Loss of layer of keratinocytes of the epidermis of the skin

Question 28

What is allergic contact dermatitis?

Answer 28

Mast cells become sensitised to an allergen e.g. cheap metal in earrings

Question 29

Two mediators involved in allergic contact dermatitis are?

Answer 29

IL-2 | IFN-gamma

Question 30

Main cell released in allergic contact dermatitis is?

Answer 30

Macrophages

Question 31

Granulomas are formed most commonly in which condition?

Answer 31

TB

Question 32

Cells involved in granuloma formation in e.g. TB are? x2

Answer 32

``` Macrophages (giant) Langerhans cells (giant) ```

Question 33

Granuloma formation - macrophages change to become?

Answer 33

Histocytic macrophages - fuse to form giant cells

Question 34

Hardened and purple nose in a patient is indicative of what skin condition?

Answer 34

Lupus pernio

Question 35

Lupus vulgaris is caused as a result of what infection?

Answer 35

TB

Question 36

Lupus vulgaris presents as what?

Answer 36

Apple jelly appearance

Question 37

Alopecia areata hair regrowth is what colour?

Answer 37

White

Question 38

Characteristic feature of alopecia areata is?

Answer 38

Hairs look like exclamation marks

Question 39

What type of skin condition is vitiligo?

Answer 39

Autoimmune

Question 40

Autoimmune vitiligo - against what cells?

Answer 40

Melanocytes