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Wine Studies > Portugal > Flashcards

Portugal Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Treaty of Windsor

A

A treaty signed between Portugal and England establishing a diplomatic alliance to create trade between the two kingdoms in 1386

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2
Q

What was the Treaty of Methuen

A

Treaty signed between Portugal and England establishing a trade agreement between the two nations giving preferential tariffs to Portuguese wine in 1703

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3
Q

What did the Douro Wine Company achieve

A
  • Established the boundaries and practices of the Douro appellation in 1756.
  • Developed a methodology for grading Port vineyards and authorized each individual farmer’s production allotment based on the grade
  • Worked to eliminate fraudulent wine making practices to gain back trust from the English market
  • It is now known as the Royal Oporto Wine Company but its regulatory functions were lost over time.
  • Today the Government-run Douro Port Wine Institute manages the appellation and its regulations
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4
Q

What was the only Portuguese DOP entirely spared from Phylloxera

A

Colares in Lisboa

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5
Q

Discuss the aging requirements for Garrafeira wine is Portugal for reds, whites, rosés and Port

A

White/Rosé: Minimum 12 months including 6 in bottle

Red: Minimum 30 months including 12 in bottle

Port: Following a few years aging in barrels, the Port is matured for at least 8 years in glass Demijohns

Garrafeira means “Private wine cellar” and may be put on vintage-dated DOP or IGP wines

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6
Q

What does reserva indicate on a bottle of Portuguese wine

A

Alcohol content is at least 0.5% higher than the legal minimum established by the DOP or IGP; stricter requirements in individual DOP’s may supersede this standard

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7
Q

What does reserva indicate on a bottle of Portuguese sparkling wine

A

minimum period of 12 months spent of the lees prior to disgorgment

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8
Q

What does Colheita Seleccionada indicate on a bottle of Portuguese wine

A

minimum 1% higher alcohol content than that established by the regional appellation

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9
Q

What is the most grown red grape of Portugal

A

Castelão

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10
Q

What is Jaen

A

Portugues synonym for Mencia

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11
Q

What is Bical Tinto

A

Portuguese synonym for Touriga Nacional

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12
Q

What is Mortágua Preto

A

Portuguese synonym for Toruiga Nacional

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13
Q

What is Aragonez

A

Portuguese synonym for Tinta Roriz, AKA Tempranillo

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14
Q

What is the most planted white grape of Portugal

A

Fernão Pires, known as Maria Gomes in Bairrada

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15
Q

What is Esgana Cão

A

Portuguese synonym for Sercial on the mainland meaning “dog strangler”

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16
Q

In which IGP do you find Vinho Verde DOP

A

Minho IGP

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17
Q

What is the largest DOP of Portugal

A

Vinho Verde DOP

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18
Q

Define Enforcado

A

Pergola training method in Portugal

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19
Q

What method is used to create sparkles in bottles of Vinho Verde

A

Whites: Slight Carbonation before bottling

Reds: Malolactic Fermentation inside the bottle

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20
Q

Name the subregions of Vinho Verde DOP from North to South

A
  • Monção e Melgaço
  • Lima
  • Cávado
  • Basto
  • Ave
  • Sousa
  • Amarante
  • Baião
  • Paiva
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21
Q

What style of wine is Monção e Melgaço known for in Vinho Verde DOP

A

Varietal bottlings of Alvarinho in both still and sparkling versions

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22
Q

What are the main red grapes for red Vinho Verde DOP

A
  • Amaral
  • Borraçal
  • Alvarelhão
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23
Q

What are the main white grapes for white Vinho Verde DOP

A
  • Alvarinho
  • Avesso
  • Loureiro
  • Trajadura
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24
Q

What non-contiguous DOP is located within Transmontano IGP

A

Trás-os-Montes DOP

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25
Q

In what IGP were Douro and Porto located before the created on Duriense IGP

A

Transmontano

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26
Q

What is Bastardo

A

Portuguese synonym for Trousseau

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27
Q

Name the 3 subregions of Trás-os-Montes DOP in the Transmontano IGP

A
  • Chaves
  • Valpaços
  • Planalto Mirandés
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28
Q

What subregion of Trás-os-Montes does not allow for Alicante Bouschet in their reds

A

Valpaços

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29
Q

What two DOPs are located within the Duriense IGP

A
  • Douro DOP

- Porto DOP

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30
Q

What is the preferred soil type for Port

A

Schist

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31
Q

Name the subregions of Douro and Porto DOP

A
  • Baixo Corgo
  • Cima Corgo
  • Douro Superior
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32
Q

Where would you find the Marão Mountains

A

Douro/Porto DOP

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33
Q

Where would you find the Montemuro Mountains

A

Douro/Porto DOP

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34
Q

What was the significance of the town Vila Nova de Gaia in Port production

A

Vila Nova de Gaia is a suburb of seaside Oporto where up until 1986, all Port wines were required by law to be aged and shipped from

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35
Q

What are the requirements for white/rosé/red Douro wines to be labeled reserva

A

White/Rosé: Minimum alcohol of 11.5% (as opposed to 10.5% standard) and a minimum 6 months aging

Red: Minimum alcohol of 12% (opposed to 11% standard) and a minimum 1 year aging

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36
Q

Name the 4 IGP’s of Beiras

A
  • Terras do Dão
  • Terras de Cister
  • Terras da Beira
  • Beira Atlantico
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37
Q

Name the 5 most important red grapes for quality Douro red wines

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Touriga Franca
  • Tinta Roriz
  • Tinta Cão
  • Tinta Barroca
  • Tinta Amarela (Trincadeira)
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38
Q

Name the 4 most important white grapes for quality Douro white wine

A
  • Malvasia Fina
  • Viosinho
  • Rabigato
  • Gouveio
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39
Q

Name the DOP’s of Terras do Dão IGP

A
  • Dão DOP

- Lafões DOP

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40
Q

Name the DOP of Beira Atlantico IGP

A

Bairrada DOP

41
Q

Name the DOP of Terras de Cister IGP

A

Távora-Varosa DOP

42
Q

Name the DOP of Terras de Beira IGP

A

Beira Interior DOP

43
Q

For what grape is Tinta Amarela a synonym

A

Trincadeira

44
Q

Name the subregions of Dão DOP

A
  • Serra da Estrela
  • Besteiros
  • Castendo
  • Silgueiros
  • Terras de Azurara
  • Terras de Senhorim
  • Alva
45
Q

Name the subzone of Bairadda DOP

A

Terras do Sicó (Beira Atlantico IGP, Beiras)

46
Q

What is the most important grape of Bairrada DOP

A

Reds: Baga required at a minimum 50%

Whites: Bical, Maria Gomes (Fernão Pires) and Arinto

47
Q

What DOP in Beiras is best known for sparkling wine production

A

Távora-Varosa DOP located within Terras de Cister IGP

48
Q

What style of wine is Távora-Varosa DOP known for

A

Sparkling wine (Terras de Cister IGP, Beiras)

49
Q

Name the three subzones of Beira Interior

A
  • Beira Castelo Rodrigo
  • Cova da Beira
  • Pinhel
50
Q

What is the preferred soil type for Dão DOP wines

A

Granite

51
Q

Where would you find the Serra do Caramulo

A

The Serra do Caramulo mountains are located in Dão DOP and serve to protect the region from the Atlantic Ocean

52
Q

Where would you find the Serra de Estrela

A

The Serra de Estrela mountains are found in the Dão DOP and serve to protect the region from the southeast (This is also the name of a subregion in the Dão)

53
Q

What is Portugal’s highest mountain range. Where is it located

A

Sera de Estrela located in the Dão in Beiras

54
Q

Name 4 recommended red grapes for Dão DOP

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Touriga Franca
  • Tinta Cão
  • Trincadeira
  • Aragonez (Tinta Roriz, Tempranillo)
55
Q

Name 3 recommended white grapes for Dão DOP

A
  • Encruzado
  • Bical
  • Cercial
56
Q

If a bottle of Dão DOP wine is labeled Garrafeira, how is the minimum ABV effected

A

Min ABV is increased to 11.5% from 11%

57
Q

What are the requirements for a bottle of red Dão wine to be labeled as nobre

A
  • Minimum 15% Touriga Nacional
  • Maximum 85% Jaen, Rufete, Alfrocheiro and Aragonez
  • Minimum three years aging
  • 12% ABV
58
Q

What are the requirements for a bottle of white Dão wine to be labeled as nobre

A
  • Minimum 15% Encruzado
  • Maximum 85% Cercial, Bical, Malvasia Fina and Verdelho
  • One year aging before release
  • 11.5% ABV
59
Q

What are the aging and ABV requirements for Dão nobre reserva red wines

A
  • 12.5% ABV

- 42 months age

60
Q

What are the aging and ABV requirements for Dão nobre reserva white wines

A
  • 12% ABV

- One year aging before release

61
Q

What are the age and ABV requirements for Dão nobre Garrafeira red wines

A
  • 12.5% ABV

- 48 months total age including 18 months in the bottle

62
Q

What are the age and ABV requirements for Dão nobre Garrafeira white wines

A
  • 12% ABV

- 18 months total age including 9 months in the bottle

63
Q

What does the term “Bairrada Classico” indicate on a label or Bairrada DOP wine

A
  • The wine maker has only used traditional native grapes for the wine
  • Min 12.5% alcohol instead of the 11% required by the DOP
64
Q

Name the DOPs of Lisboa

A
  • Encostas de Aire
  • Obidos
  • Lourinhã
  • Alenquer
  • Torres Vedras
  • Arruda
  • Bucelas
  • Colares
  • Carcavelos
65
Q

Name the two suberegions of Encostas de Aire DOP in Lisboa IGP

A
  • Ourém

- Alcobaça

66
Q

What DOP of Lisboa IGP produces aguardiente rather than wine

A

Lourinhã

67
Q

What style of wine is designated to Bucelas DOP

A

Still and sparkling white wine only based on:

  • 75% Arinto (Perdernã)
  • Sercial (Esgana Cão) and Rabo de Ovelha

(Lisboa IGP)

68
Q

What style of wine is designated to Colares DOP

A

Tinto: 80% Ramsico with Castelão not able to exceed 10% of the blend

Branco: 80% Malvasia

(Lisboa IGP)

69
Q

What is Chão de Areia

A

Sandy soil in Colares DOP which is resistant to phylloxera and contains ungrafted vines

70
Q

What is Chão Rija

A

This is a harder soil type than Chão de Areia sand and within this soil you find Castelão as the dominantly planted grape. However, Castelão can still never comprise more than 10% of a Colares DOP wine

71
Q

What is Colares DOP known for

A

Red and white wines made from Ramisco and Malvasia respectively.

These vines grow in sandy soil called Chão de Areia which has never been touched by phylloxera so all of the vines in Colares DOP are ungrafted

Also, the vines are oddly planted in trenches to protected them from salty marine winds

72
Q

What style of wine is designated to Carcavelos DOP

A

Tinto: Min 75% combined

  • Castelão
  • Preto Martinho (Negra Mole)

Branco: Min 75% combined

  • Arinto
  • Ratinho
  • Galego Dourado

These wines are fermented dry and then fortified and sweeted with “vinho abafado” which is a partially fermented must preserved with alcohol. The finished wine is therefore considered Licoroso

(Libsoa IGP)

73
Q

What is Vinho Abafado

A

Vinho Abafado is a partially fermented must preserved with alcohol used to make Licoroso style wines, specifically within the DOP of Carcavelos within Lisboa IGP

74
Q

Name the DOPs of the Peninsula de Setúbal

A
  • Setúbal

- Palmela

75
Q

What is the main red grape for Palmela DOP

A

Castelão mandated at a minimum 66.7%

Peninsula de Setúbal IGP

76
Q

What style of wine is designated to Setúbal DOP

A

Vinhos Licoroso some of which see the “torna viagem” (round trip) maturation process of madeira

White: Minimum 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d’Alexandria) (Moscatel Graúdo)

Red: Minimum 67% Moscatel Galego Roxo

Licoroso wines Varietally labeled as “Moscatel Roxo” or “Moscatel de Setúbal” require 85% minimum of the grape

(Peninsula de Setúbal IGP)

77
Q

Min/Max alcohol for Setúbal Vinho Licoroso

A

16% Minimum

22% Maximum

78
Q

Where would you find the Tagus River

A

Tejo IGP

79
Q

What is Ribatejo

A

The former name for Do Tejo DOP

80
Q

In what IGP would you find the DOP Do Tejo

A

Tejo IGP

81
Q

Name the subregions of Do Tejo DOP

A
  • Almeirim
  • Cartaxo
  • Charmusca
  • Coruche
  • Santarém
  • Tomar
82
Q

Where would you find the Serra de São Mamede

A

The Serra de São Mamede is a mountain range in northern Alentejano IGP noted mostly for being where the DOP of Portalegre is located which is the most promising area of the Alentejano IGP in Portugal

83
Q

What IGP of Portugal is known for its plantations of Quercus Subur. What is this?

A

Alentejano IGP is known for having large plantations of Quercus Subur– Cork Trees

84
Q

Name the subregions of Alentejo DOP

A
  • Portalegre
  • Borba
  • Redondo
  • Evora
  • Reguengos
  • Granja-Amareleja
  • Vidigueira
  • Moura
85
Q

Name the DOPs of the Açores (Azores) Islands

A
  • Pico
  • Biscoitos
  • Graciosa
86
Q

On what Açores Island would you find the DOP of Bicoitos

A

Terceira

87
Q

What is the only DOP of the Açores authorized for non fortified still white wine

A

Graciosa DOP

88
Q

Name the two DOPs of Terras Madeirenses IGP

A
  • Madeira

- Madeirense

89
Q

What is Madeirense DOP

A

Madeirense DOP is the appellation for unfortified wines from the Terras Madeirenses IGP. They are rarely exported

90
Q

What are the three main growing regions of Madeira

A
  • Madeira North Side
  • Madeira South Side (Contains Funchal)
  • Porto Santo
91
Q

What is a “Casta” in Portugal

A

Term for grape varietal

92
Q

What Portuguese appellation for wine no longer exists since the DOP status came into existence

A

IPR

93
Q

Name the two subzones of the Northern Half of Lisboa IGP

A
  • Estremadura

- Alta Estremadura

94
Q

Name the DOPs of Algarve IGP

A
  • Lagos
  • Portimão
  • Lagoa
  • Tavira
95
Q

What grape comprises a minimum 15% of all Dão Nobre Tinto wines

A

Touriga Nacional

96
Q

What grape comprises a minimum 15% of all Dão Nobre Branco wines

A

Encruzado

97
Q

What is Maria Gomez

A

Synonym for Fernão Pires (Most planted white of Portugal) in Bairrada

98
Q

What is Bagaceira

A

Portuguese spirit made from pomace

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