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U.S. History > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

0
Q

Could reach East by sailing south around the Americas.

A

Ferdinand Magellan

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1
Q

Italian explorer who believed the world was round. Shortest route to the east was west.

A

Christopher Columbus

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2
Q

German monk who preached that salvation was from God, not the church’s system of penance.

A

Martin Luther

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3
Q

Explorer and soldier of fortune.

A

Conquistadors

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4
Q

First great conquistador, reached Mexico.

A

Hernando Cortes

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5
Q

Great Aztec King.

A

Montezuma

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6
Q

Sailed northwest toward Puerto Rico searching for the fountain of youth. Landed near St. Augustine and claimed the area for Spain.

A

Juan Ponce de Leon

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7
Q

Protestant sea captain

A

Francis Drake

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8
Q

Encouraged the colonization of North America. Roanoke island

A

Sir Walter Raleigh

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9
Q

Discovered the Mississippi River.

A

Hernando de Soto

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10
Q

1500’s, Luther’s teachings that salvation is from God, not the church.

A

Protestant reformation

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11
Q

Helped Jamestown survive, made ties with the Indians

A

John Smith

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12
Q

first self governing assembly in the New World

A

House of Burgeses

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13
Q

governed by a trade company.

A

Charter colony

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14
Q

King appointed a proprietor to govern the colony

A

Proprietary colony

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15
Q

controlled directly by the King.

A

Royal colony

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16
Q

Pilgrims were separatists- believed that each congregation should be independent from all other churches. Puritans- wanted to purify the church from the inside.

A

Pilgrims vs. Puritans

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17
Q

first document of self government in America, settlers agreed to submit to the laws of the colony.

A

Mayflower compact

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18
Q

America’s first college, christian based.

A

Harvard college

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19
Q

Governor of Massachusetts, wanted a Christian community. “We shall be a city set upon a hill…”

A

John Winthrop

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20
Q

legally binding relationship.

A

Covenant

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21
Q

Quaker, denied many biblical teachings including the trinity.

A

William Penn

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22
Q

discovered New York

A

Henry Hudson

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23
Q

1639- first written constitution in America. Established a framework for self government.

A

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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24
Q

work contract

A

Indenture

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25
Q

provided access to backcountry settlements.

A

Great Wagon Road

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26
Q

attracted by religious freedom, bothered the english neighbors

A

Scots-Irish and Germans

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27
Q

inoculations against smallpox.

A

Cotton Mather

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28
Q

“Williamsburg style”, was called tudor style in England

A

Colonial style

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29
Q

corn

A

Native American food

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30
Q

Basic skills and to learn to read the Bible on their own.

A

Purpose of Education

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31
Q

if you were illiterate, Satan could get to you.

A

“Old Deluder Satan” law

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32
Q

powdered wigs (originated in England)

A

Traditional thing men wore

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33
Q

Doctrinally sound group wanted to keep the old ceremonies of the Church of England altogether

A

low church anglicans

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34
Q

Believed that traditions of the Church of England were divinely ordained

A

high church anglicans

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35
Q

most influential movement in colonial history

A

Puritanism

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36
Q

rule by bishops who appointed lower officials

A

episcopal polity

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37
Q

rule by elders elected from among the people who in turn elect higher officials

A

presbyterian polity

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38
Q

complete political independence of each church

A

congregational polity

39
Q

only those who pleaded they were innocent were hung.

A

salem witch trials

40
Q

church members who were outwardly moral, but not owned the covenant could present their children for baptism. Increased the number of church members.

A

half-way covenant

41
Q

baptism by immersion of professing believers only.

A

baptists

42
Q

centered in the colony of Pennsylvania. Man is saved through obeying its leading.

A

quakers

43
Q

refusal to buy British goods

A

boycott

44
Q

tax on goods produced and consumed entirely within the colonies.

A

internal tax

45
Q

requirement that salaries, taxes, and expenditures be scrutinized by elected officals

A

power of the purse

46
Q

british attempt to tax legal and commercial documents in the colonies.

A

stamp act

47
Q

requirement that the colonists help supply the British army

A

quartering act

48
Q

repressive series of direct taxes on various colonial goods, such as glass.

A

Townshend acts

49
Q

British redcoats killed five unarmed Patriots in 1770.

A

Boston massacre

50
Q

1754-1763. Began in the New World and spread to Europe (seven years war)

A

French and Indian war

51
Q

important fort the French built at the forks of the Ohio River at the outset of the French and Indian War

A

Fort Duquense

52
Q

removed french influence

A

Treaty of Paris

53
Q

ended the fighting on both sides of the atlantic. Provided a shaky peace between England and France

A

Treaty of Utrecht

54
Q

information of british threats to liberty within the colonies

A

committee of correspondence

55
Q

Boston patriots took action in 1773 when some British ships refused to take their tea back to England

A

Boston Tea Party

56
Q

“coercive acts”, patriots refused to be coerced. happened because of the tea party

A

Intolerable acts

57
Q

self government, deceleration of American rights

A

first continental congress

58
Q

costly British victory outside of Boston, ran out of amunition

A

Battle of Bunker Hill

59
Q

(Thomas Paine) advocated independence from Britain

A

Common sense

60
Q

listed the grievances that Americans had against the king and also stated universal principles that would shape the character and direction of the emerging nation.

A

Declaration of Independence

61
Q

if he didn’t, he would lose support for the war.

A

Why did Washington prepare to defend New York?

62
Q

raids, helped boost American morale

A

Princeton (Trenton)

63
Q

brought France into the war, capture of the British army.

A

Saratoga campaign

64
Q

handed over a fort

A

Benedict Arnold

65
Q

“swamp fox” launched guerrilla raids

A

Francis Marion

66
Q

close alliance of sovereign states

A

confederation

67
Q

first document to unite the U.S. under one government

A

articles of confederation

68
Q

one house

A

unicameral

69
Q

confederation’s greatest triumph in foreign affairs

A

Treaty of Paris

70
Q

underlying theme of the constitution, limits on governmental power.

A

limited government

71
Q

division of government into three separate branches.

A

separation of powers

72
Q

balance of power among the three separate branches.

A

checks and balances

73
Q

division of power between national and state levels of government

A

federalism

74
Q

the ultimate source of governmental power lies in the people.

A

popular sovereignty

75
Q

introduced the charter

A

preamble

76
Q

each state has a number of electors equal to the state’s representation in congress

A

electoral college

77
Q

changes to the constitution

A

amendments

78
Q

organized three departments and appoint their secretaries

A

George Washington

79
Q

head of the department of state

A

Thomas Jefferson

80
Q

secretary of treasury

A

Alexander Hamilton

81
Q

leader in the House of Representatives

A

James Madison

82
Q

organized thirteen district courts, Supreme Court still had little power

A

Judiciary Act of 1783

83
Q

first ten amendments, restricted the power of the national government and protected individual rights

A

bill of rights

84
Q

Hamilton’s ambitious plan. funding- federal government give bonds to those they owed money to. assumption- national government’s takeover of all state debts, south voted for it for the national government to be in the south.

A

funding and assunmption

85
Q

objective was to issue a unified currency and provide loans to local businesses.

A

national bank

86
Q

claimed to be true keepers of the constitutional flame. commerce and industry

A

federalists

87
Q

(republicans/democratic republicans)- viewed themselves as the last line of defense between Federalist tyranny.

A

antifederalists

88
Q

U.S. would pursue a policy of friendliness and impartiality toward both nations. Washington said no to republicans and federalists and issued this.

A

proclamation of neutrality

89
Q

avoided war with Britain

A

Jay Treaty

90
Q

violent attack against the government over taxes

A

Whiskey rebellion

91
Q

warned against permanent alliances with foreign countries, political.

A

Washington’s farewell address

92
Q

second president of the U.S.

A

John Adams

93
Q

never officially declared

A

Quasi war

94
Q

unconstitutional acts against immigrants and slander against the government.

A

Alien and Sedition acts

95
Q

opposed the alien and sedition acts, states have the right to secede when the government acts unconstitutional.

A

Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

95
Q

opposed the alien and sedition acts, states have the right to secede when the government acts unconstitutional.

A

Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

U.S. History (8 decks)

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