Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the difference between marasmus and kwashiorkor?

A

Marasmus is protein and carbohydrate and water deficiency whereas kwashiorkor is protein deficiency, but there’s still carbohydrate in the diet

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2
Q

What enzymes regulate glycolysis?

A

Hexokinase/glucokinase regulate conversion of glucose into glucose 6 phosphate
Phosphofructokinase regulates conversion of fructose 6 phosphate into fructose 1,6 bisphosphate
Pyruvate kinase regulates conversion of phosphoenol pyruvate into pyruvate

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3
Q

What is galactosaemia?

A

When there’s a defect in either the galactokinase or transferase enzyme needed for galactose metabolism so galactose and/or galactose 1 phosphate accumulate.
Galactose is converted into galactitol using NADPH and galactose 1 phosphate is toxic

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4
Q

What is G6PD deficiency?

A

Deficiency in G6PD enzyme needed for pentose phosphate pathway which normally produces NADPH. heinz bodies form and there is haemolysis due to disulphide bridge formation

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5
Q

How are irreversible steps of glycolysis bypassed for gluconeogenesis?

A

Step 10 bypassed by lactate converting to pyruvate which is converted to oxaloacetate by Pyruvate carboxylase. Oxaloacetate is then converted to phosphoenolpyruvate using PEPCK

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