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Neuroscience > Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

0
Q

Divergence

A

Neurone provides synaptic input to many other neurones

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1
Q

Convergence

A

Neurone has synaptic input from a variety of other neurones

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2
Q

What determines if a synapse is inhibitory or excitatory?

A

The contents of the synaptic vesicles which bridge the synaptic cleft

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3
Q

Define Spacial Summation

A

When many neurones exert the same effect on a post synaptic membrane, producing a much larger response

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4
Q

Define Temporal Summation

A

When several APs arrive in succession to have a greater effect than 1 AP alone

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5
Q

What does NT cause at the post synaptic potential in an ipsp?

A

Hyperpolarisation

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6
Q

What does NT cause at the post synaptic membrane in an epsp?

A

Depolarisation

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7
Q

Name the 3 classes of NTs

A

Amino acids
Amines & Purines
Peptides

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8
Q

Give examples of type 1 NTs (amino acids)

A

Glutamine
GABA
Glycine

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9
Q

Give examples of type 2 NTs (amines & purines)

A 
ATP
Adenosine
ACh
Dopamine
NA
Serotonin
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10
Q

Give examples if type 3 NTs (peptides)

A

Cholecystokinin
Metenkephalin
Substance P
Vasopressin

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11
Q

List in order the concentrations of type 1,2 & 3 NTs in the CNS

A

Type 1= relatively high conc
Type 2= slightly lower conc
Type 3= very low conc

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12
Q

Which is faster- ionotropic or metabotropic receptors?

A

I= fast, rec usually directly linked ion channels, open when NT binds.

M= slower, rec coupled effector ion channel (via G protein or 2nd messenger)

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13
Q

What are the major excitatory receptors if the CNS?

A

Glutamate receptors

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14
Q

What results from excessive activity if glutamate receptor?

A

Over active neurones
Seizures
Cell death

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15
Q

Why does excessive glutamate rec activity produce these effects?

A

Rec allow Ca entry= neurotoxicity at high levels

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16
Q

Name the 3 major types of glutamate receptor

A

NMDA
Non-NMDA-fast depolarising
Metabotropic

17
Q

What type of receptor is the NMDA glutamate rec?

A

Ionotropic

18
Q

What ions do the NMDA glutamate rec allow through?

What does this lead to?

A

Na+
Ca2+

Fast depolarisations

19
Q

Name the ion non-NMDA-fast depolarising receptors are permeable to.

Name it’s agonist.

A

Na+

AMPA/ Kainite

20
Q

What are the metabotropic glutamate receptors linked to?

A

G proteins & 2nd messenger couplings

More long term effects

21
Q

Where are GABA receptors usually found & what is there usual action?

A

Short interneurons, many in the limbic system

Inhibitory

22
Q

Short interneurons found in the limbic system play a role in….

A

Emotional responses:
Personal feelings
Emotional memories

23
Q

What is the effect of alcohol on short interneurons?

A

Removes inhibitory responses

Person becomes upset/aggressive

24
Q

What are the 2 main types of GABA receptor?

A

GABAa & GABAb

25
Q

Describe the structure of GABAa

A

Similar to nicotinic cholinergic rec

2 x a subunits
2 x B subunits
1 x y subunit

26
Q

When GABAa is activated, a channel permeable to …. is opened

A

Chloride

Mem hyperpolarises as GABA rec is inhib

27
Q

Name drugs the GABA receptor’s Cl- permeable channel has binding sites for

A

Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
Steroids

(Treat anxiety)

28
Q

Describe GABAb rec structure

A

7 transmembrane domains

Coupled to a G protein

29
Q

What channels do GABAb rec activate?

A

Outward K+ (cause hyperpol & ipsp)

Influence Ca channels

30
Q

What are nAch rec permeable to?

A

Na+

Ca2+

31
Q

Name the mAch subtypes

A

M1- M5

32
Q

What are M1, M3, M5 receptors coupled to?

A

PLC

33
Q

What are M2 & M4 receptors negatively coupled to?

A

Adenylyl Cyclase

Cause ⬇️ of cAMP upon activation

34
Q

mACh rec degenerate in what disease?

A

Alzheimer’s

35
Q

Dopamine is largely …… in the CNS

A

Inhibitory

36
Q

What are the 2 dopamine receptor subtypes?

A

D1 & D2

All metabotropic
All lead to a G protein

37
Q

Name 2 tracts where dopamine receptors are found

A

Mesostriatal (formation of organised thought/stabilise mood)

Nigrostriatal (voluntary movement)

38
Q

What tract, especially in the basal ganglia, degenerates in Parkinson’s?

A

Nigrostriatal

39
Q

Via which rec does 5HT exert and excitatory effect?

A

5HT2

40
Q

Via which rec does 5HT exert an inhibitory action?

A

5HT1

41
Q

What is the action of SSRIs

A

Block 5HT re uptake

5HT remains active in exerting its effect on post & pre synaptic membranes

Neuroscience (20 decks)

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