Parsa- Cell Injury 5

Question 1

what is autophagy?

Answer 1

process in which a cell eats its own contents. (digested material are recycled to provide nutrients for the cell.

Question 2

what deficiency leads to the buildup of partially folded intermediates in the ER?

Answer 2

alpha1- antitrypsin deficiency

Question 3

what are examples of mechanisms of intracellular accumulations?

Answer 3

abnormal metabolism, defect in protein folding transport, lack of enzyme and ingestion of indigestible materials

Question 4

if a patient abuses alcohol what will happen to the liver?

Answer 4

alcohol is a hepatotoxin that alters mitochondrial and microsomal functions, leading to increased synthesis and reduced breakdown of lipids

Question 5

what are xanthomas?

Answer 5

intracellular accumulation of cholesterol in hyperlipoproteinemia

Question 6

what is the focal accumulation of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the lamina propia of the gallbladder?

Answer 6

cholesterolosis

Question 7

what happens if there is a deficiency of lysosomal sphingomyelinase?

Answer 7

defective transport of cholesterol between cells (Niemann-Pick Disease)

Question 8

what happens when proteins are found in the urine?

Answer 8

reabsorption by proximal renal tubules (protein appears as pink hyaline droplets within the cytoplasm of the tubular cell).

Question 9

what is the description of hyaline change?

Answer 9

refers to an alteration within cells or in the extracellular space that gives a homogeneous, glassy, pink appearance in routine histologic sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin

Question 10

abundance of glycogen in the liver is a complication of what?

Answer 10

diabetes