Walters- Antibiotics Flashcards
what type of antibiotic directly kills a bacteria? and what type inhibits metabolic pathways?
cidal.
static
what age group has both a decrease in renal function and albumin?
neonates
when sulfonamides bind to albumin in neonates the bellirubin in the body is released and able to move freely in the body and work as a neurotoxin. what term best describes why this should be avoided in neonates?
kernicterus
glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase is important in free radical scavenging. if G6PD is decreased, what would you do?
increase hemolysis with sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol
what drug blocks K channel casuing positive charges to accumulate inside the cell, which depolarizes the cell causing Ca influx and triggers insulin release? what type of effect is produced?
sulfonamides.
hypogylcemic effect
what is synergism?
when two drugs together produce an effect greater than the sum of either drug alone
what enzyme do sulfonamides inhibit? and synthesis reaction is in turn affected?
inhibit dihydropteropate synthase.
interrupts the first step in synthesis of folic acid
what is the importance of adding glutamate?
to form dihydrofolate (FH2)-> dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-> tetrahydrofolate (FH4)
what is tetrahydrofolate (FH4) used for?
1-carbon transfer reactions as in the synthesis of thymidine that is required in DNA synthesis
what drugs together inhibit sequential steps in the synthesis of folic acid?
DHFR inhibitor and sulfonamide (human DNA synthesis not affected since humans dont synthesize folic acid)
if patient comes in complaining of a mid ear infection (otitis media) what drug would be used to treat it?
sulfisoxazole with erythromycin
what is sulfamethonxazole with trimethoprim do?
synergism by inhibiting two sequential steps in the synthesis of folic acid
if a patient is experiencing ulcerative blepharitis and bacterial conjunctivitis, what drug would be administered?
sulfacetamide (Bleph-10)
what does silver sulfadiazine treat?
for burns to prevent sepsis (the silver released is toxic to microorganisms)
what inhibits carbonic anhydrase and eventually leads to metabolic acidosis?
mafenide (sulfamylon)
