Ch. 3 Prenatal Development and Birth

Question 0

What are Gametes?

Answer 0

Cells that unite at conception (ova in females, sperm in males)

Question 1

What are Chromosomes?

Answer 1

Strings of genetic material in the nuclei of cells.

Question 2

What is a Zygote?

Answer 2

Single cell created when sperm and ovum unite.

Question 3

What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)?

Answer 3

Chemical material that makes up chromosomes and genes.

Question 4

What are Genes?

Answer 4

Pieces of genetic material that control or influence traits.

Question 5

What are Gonads?

Answer 5

Sex glands (ovaries in females; testes in males)

Question 6

What is a Genotype?

Answer 6

The unique genetic blueprint of each individual.

Question 7

What is the Phenotype?

Answer 7

An individual’s particular set of observed characteristics.

Question 8

What is the Dominant-Recessive Pattern?

Answer 8

Pattern of inheritance in which a single dominant gene influences a person’s phenotype but two recessive genes are necessary to produce an associated trait.

Question 9

What is Polygenic Inheritance?

Answer 9

Pattern of inheritance in which many genes influence a trait.

Question 10

What is Multifactorial Inheritance?

Answer 10

Inheritance affected by both genes and the environment.

Question 11

What is the Cephalocaudal Pattern?

Answer 11

Growth that proceeds from the head downward.

Question 12

What is the Proximodistal Pattern?

Answer 12

Growth that proceeds from the middle of the body outward.

Question 13

What is the Germinal Stage?

Answer 13

The first stage of prenatal development, beginning at conception and ending at implantation (approximately 2 weeks).

Question 14

What is Implantation?

Answer 14

Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall.

Question 15

What is the Placenta?

Answer 15

Specialized organ that allows substances to be transferred from mother to embryo and from embryo to mother, without their blood mixing.

Question 16

What is the Umbilical Cord?

Answer 16

Organ that connects the embryo to the placenta.

Question 17

What is the Amnion?

Answer 17

Fluid-filled sac in which the fetus floats until just before it is born.

Question 18

What is the Embryonic Stage?

Answer 18

The second stage of prenatal development, from week 2 through week 8, during which the embryo’s organ systems form.

Question 19

What are Neurons?

Answer 19

Specialized cells of the nervous system.

Question 20

What is Organogenesis?

Answer 20

Process of organ development.

Question 21

What is the Fetal Stage?

Answer 21

The third stage of prenatal development, from week 9 to birth, during which growth and organ refinement take place.

Question 22

What is Viability?

Answer 22

Ability of the fetus to survive outside the womb.

Question 23

What is the Cell Body?

Answer 23

The part of a neuron that contains the cell body and is the site of vital cell functions.

Question 24

What are Synapses?

Answer 24

Tiny spaces across which neural impulses flow from one neuron to the next.

Question 25

What are Axons?

Answer 25

Taillike extensions of neurons.

Question 26

What are Dendrites?

Answer 26

Branchlike protrusions from the cell bodies of neurons.

Question 27

What are Glial Cells?

Answer 27

The “glue” that holds neurons together to give form to the structures of the nervous system.

Question 28

What are Teratogens?

Answer 28

Substances, such as viruses and drugs, that can cause birth defects.

Question 29

What is a Cesarean Section?

Answer 29

Delivery of an infant through incisions in the abdominal and uterine walls.

Question 30

What is Anoxia?

Answer 30

Oxygen deprivation experienced by a fetus during labor and/or delivery.

Question 31

What is a Neonate?

Answer 31

Term for babies between birth and 1 month of age.

Question 32

What is Low Birth Weight?

Answer 32

Newborn weight below 5.5 pounds.