Chapter 5: Neoplasms

Question 1

What is anemia

Answer 1

A decrease in circulating hemoglobin and oxygen carrying capacity in the blood because of decreased erthrocyte production, decreased hemoglobin production, excessive hemolysis, or loss of blood

Question 2

What is angiogenesis

Answer 2

The development of new capillaries

Question 3

What is antineoplastic

Answer 3

A substance or process that destroys neoplastic cells

Question 4

What is apoptosis

Answer 4

Normal programmed cell death in tissues

Question 5

What is atypical

Answer 5

unusual, not characterisitic

Question 6

What are biopsies

Answer 6

x

Question 7

What are chromosomes

Answer 7

Made up of genes, the genetic code of the living cell, consisting of DNA

Question 8

What is cytologic

Answer 8

x

Question 9

What is differentiation

Answer 9

Increased specialization of cells for certain functions

Question 10

What is infiltrate

Answer 10

x

Question 11

What is leukopenia

Answer 11

A decreased number of keukocytes in the blood

Question 12

What is metastasis

Answer 12

Spread of cancer cells to distant sites by the blood or lymphatics, secondary malignant tumor

Question 13

What is micrometastases

Answer 13

Spread of malignant cells not yet detectable

Question 14

What is mitosis

Answer 14

A process of cell reproduction resulting in two daughter cells withthe same DNA as the parent cell

Question 15

What is mutation

Answer 15

A change in the genetic makeup (DNA) of a cell, which will be inherited

Question 16

What is nadir

Answer 16

x

Question 17

What is oncology

Answer 17

The study of cancer

Question 18

What is palliative

Answer 18

Providing comfort and relieving pain and other synotins if a disease without effecting a cure

Question 19

What is pneumonia

Answer 19

x

Question 20

What is prognosis

Answer 20

The probable outcome of a disease

Question 21

What is prophylactic

Answer 21

A measure or a drug to prevent disease

Question 22

What is radiofrequency ablation

Answer 22

x

Question 23

What are radioisotopes

Answer 23

A radioactive form of an element, giving off radiation (beta or gamma) in the body, use in diagnosis and therapy

Question 24

What is remission

Answer 24

x

Question 25

What is recurrence

Answer 25

x

Question 26

What is seeding

Answer 26

x

Question 27

What is thrombocytopenia

Answer 27

Abnormally low number of thrombocytesor platelets

Question 28

What is total parenteral nutrition

Answer 28

TPN

Administration of a nutritionally complete fluid (protein, glucose, vitamins, etc.) into the superior vena cava.

Question 29

Characteristics of Benign Tumors

Answer 29

Cells:
Similar to normal cells
Differentiated
Mitosis fairly normal

Growth:
Relatively slow
Expanding mass
Frequently uncapsulated

Spread:
Remains localized

Systemic effects: rare
Life threatening only in certain locations (the brain)

Question 30

Characteristics of Malignant Tumors

Answer 30

Cells:
Varied in size and shape with large nuclei
Many undifferentiated
Mitosis increased and atypical

Growth:
Rapid growth
Cells not adhesive, infiltrate tissue
No capsule

Spread:
Invages nearby tissues or metastasizes to distant sites through blood and lymph vessels

Systemic effects: often present
Life threatening: Yes, by tissue destructiona nd spread of tumors

Question 31

Warning signs of cancer

Answer 31

Bleeding or discharge anywhere in body
Change in bowel or bladder 
Change in wart or mole
A sore throat that does not heal
Unexplained weight loss
Anemia and fatigue
Cough or hoarseness without reason
Solid lump, often painless, in the breast or testes or anywhere on the body

Question 32

Staging Breast Cancer

Answer 32

Size of tumor
Involvement of lymph nodes
Presence of metastasis

Stage I: Tumor < 2cm, no lymph nodes or metastasis

Stage II:Tumor < 5cm, nodes involved, no metastasis

Stage III: Tumor >5cm, fixed tumor with lymph nodes involved, no metastasis

Stage IV: Tumor any size, fixed to chest wall or skin, clavicular nodes involved (spread) metastasis is present..