18 and 19

Question 1

In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled in the Dred Scott decision that
a.
slavery was inconsistent with the constitution and must be abolished.
b.
protection of slavery was guaranteed in all the territories of the West.
c.
slavery would be constitutional only in those areas that were already slave territories.
d.
abolition of slavery would be done only in those areas in which it is already abolished.
e.
slavery was constitutional, but the slave trade was unconstitutional.

Answer 1

b

Question 2

As a result of reading Uncle Tom’s Cabin, many northerners
a.
found the book’s portrayal of slavery too extreme.
b.
vowed to halt British and French efforts to help the Confederacy.
c.
rejected Hinton Helper’s picture of the South and slavery.
d.
would have nothing to do with the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law.
e.
sent guns to antislavery settlers in Kansas (“Beecher’s Bibles”).

Answer 2

d

Question 3

n 1855, proslavery southerners regarded Kansas as
a.
territory governed by the Missouri Compromise.
b.
slave territory.
c.
geographically unsuitable for slavery.
d.
too close to free states for slavery to be practical.
e.
a test for slavery in wheat-growing areas.

Answer 3

b

Question 4

President James Buchanan’s decision on Kansas’s Lecompton Constitution
a.
hopelessly divided the Democratic party.
b.
admitted Kansas to the Union as a free state.
c.
admitted Kansas to the Union as a slave state.
d.
reaffirmed the Democratic party as a national party.
e.
turned the focus of controversy to Nebraska.

Answer 4

a

Question 5

The Lecompton Constitution was written so that Kansas
a.
could enter the Union as either a slave state or a free state.
b.
would hold a popular referendum on slavery after admission to the Union.
c.
would permit temporary residents like the abolitionists and border ruffians to vote.
d.
would allow slavery but prohibit the slave trade.
e.
would continue to permit slavery in some form.

Answer 5

e

Question 6

The clash between Preston S. Brooks and Charles Sumner revealed
a.
the seriousness of political divisions in the North.
b.
the importance of honor to northerners.
c.
despite divisions over slavery, the House of Representatives would unite to expel a member for bad conduct.
d.
passions over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both North and South.
e.
the division between the House and the Senate over slavery.

Answer 6

d

Question 7

The Republicans lost the 1856 election in part because of
a.
southern threats that a Republican victory would be a declaration of war.
b.
lingering support for slavery in the North.
c.
northern bullyism.
d.
the North’s unwillingness at this stage to let the South depart in peace.
e.
the division between Democrats and Know-Nothings.

Answer 7

A

Question 8

As a result of the panic of 1857, the South
a.
became more economically dependent on the North.
b.
became hostile to Wall Street and the stock market.
c.
believed that it was economically superior to the North.
d.
began planning for an independent southern nation.
e.
saw the need to develop manufacturing.

Answer 8

C

Question 9

In the North, the panic of 1857 created calls for
a.
an end to the gold standard and dependence on British investment.
b.
the prohibition of slavery in the territories.
c.
price supports for farmers.
d.
federal regulation of land and stock speculation.
e.
free homesteads and higher protective tariffs.

Answer 9

E

Question 10

Lincoln stated that he believed that the black race was
a.
equal in every way to the white race.
b.
inferior but entitled to the same natural rights as white people.
c.
inferior and meant to be kept in bondage by whites.
d.
equal to whites in moral and intellectual capacity.
e.
superior to whites in emotional and physical capabilities.

Answer 10

b

Question 11

In his raid on Harpers Ferry, John Brown intended to
a.
call upon the slaves to rise and establish a black free state.
b.
arouse the South to secede from the Union.
c.
stir West Virginia to break away from Virginia as a free state.
d.
demonstrate that blacks could fight for their freedom.
e.
seize weapons to start a guerrilla war against the federal government.

Answer 11

A

Question 12

After John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry, the South concluded that
a.
the raid was an isolated incident.
b.
the U.S. army could not protect slavery.
c.
Brown should be put in an insane asylum.
d.
Brown had been attempting to defend his right to own slaves.
e.
the North was dominated by “Brown-loving” Republicans.

Answer 12

E

Question 13

Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 Republican party presidential nomination in part because he
a.
had been a strong supporter of William Seward.
b.
had never taken a stand on the issue of slavery in the territories.
c.
had made fewer enemies than front-runner William Seward.
d.
was a longtime supporter of Stephen Douglas.
e.
had more political experience than his opponents.

Answer 13

C

Question 14

When Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election, people in South Carolina
a.
waited to see how other southern states would act.
b.
were very upset because they would have to secede from the Union.
c.
vowed to give their loyalty to Stephen Douglas.
d.
rejoiced because it gave them an excuse to secede.
e.
accepted the democratic process and vowed to support Lincoln.

Answer 14

D

Question 15

President James Buchanan declined to use force to keep the South in the Union for all of the following reasons except that
a.
northern public opinion would not support it.
b.
the army was needed to control Indians in the West.
c.
he believed that the Constitution required Congressional approval of the use of force.
d.
a slim chance of reconciliation remained.
e.
he was surrounded by pro-southern advisers.

Answer 15

C

Question 16

Abraham Lincoln opposed the Crittenden Compromise because
a.
it allowed the doctrine of popular sovereignty to be overridden once statehood was achieved.
b.
it permitted slavery in the Utah territory.
c.
its adoption might provoke Kentucky to leave the Union.
d.
he felt bound by President Buchanan’s earlier rejection of it.
e.
he had been elected on a platform that opposed the extension of slavery.

Answer 16

E

Question 17

Secessionists supported leaving the Union for all of the following reasons except
a.
they were dismayed by the success of the Republican party.
b.
they believed that the North would not oppose their departure.
c.
the political balance seemed to be tipping against them.
d.
they were tired of abolitionist attacks.
e.
they believed that Republicans had been infiltrating their political ranks.

Answer 17

E

Question 18

The European great powers welcomed a civil war in the United States for all of the following reasons except
a.
war would weaken the power of the United States in the western hemisphere.
b.
a divided America would likely put a halt to European immigration.
c.
they could play the two nations off against one another in a game of balance of power.
d.
their existing colonies would be safe against further American expansion.
e.
they might more readily seize new colonial territory in the Americas.

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that
a.
Lincoln had ordered the fort reinforced with federal troops.
b.
Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to the fort.
c.
the fort’s commander was planning to evacuate his troops secretly from the fort.
d.
Lincoln had called for seventy-five thousand militia troops to form a voluntary Union army.
e.
southern support for secession was weakening.

Answer 19

B

Question 20

n 1861, many Northerners were willing to allow Southern states to leave the Union until
a.
John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry.
b.
the South attacked Fort Sumter.
c.
Robert E. Lee was named to head the potential new nation’s army.
d.
South Carolina seceded from the United States.
e.
Virginia and Tennessee joined the seceding states.

Answer 20

B

Question 21

In order to persuade the Border States to remain in the Union, President Lincoln
a.
relied solely on moral appeal.
b.
used only totally legal methods.
c.
guaranteed that they could keep slavery permanently.
d.
never had to use troops.
e.
used legally dubious methods.

Answer 21

E

Question 22

The Border States offered all of the following advantages except
a.
a large population.
b.
a good supply of horses and mules.
c.
valuable manufacturing capacity.
d.
shipbuilding facilities.
e.
large navigable rivers.

Answer 22

D

Question 23

Lincoln’s declaration that the North sought to preserve the Union with or without slavery
a.
came as a disappointment to most Northerners and demoralized the Union.
b.
revealed the influence of the Border States on his policies.
c.
caused some seceded states to rejoin the Union.
d.
contradicted the campaign promises of the Republican party.
e.
cost him support in the Butternut region of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

Answer 23

B

Question 24

Lincoln declared from the outset of the Civil War that
a.
he was not fighting to free the blacks.
b.
he wanted to see an end to slavery.
c.
slaves in all the Confederate states were now legally emancipated.
d.
he believed blacks and whites were equal.
e.
None of these

Answer 24

A

Question 25

During the Civil War, most of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory of present-day Oklahoma
a.
supported the Confederacy.
b.
supported the Union.
c.
remained neutral.
d.
gave up their slaves.
e.
sought admission as a Confederate state.

Answer 25

A

Question 26

To achieve its independence, the Confederacy had to
a.
invade the Union.
b.
win a decisive military victory on its own soil.
c.
fight the invading Union army to a draw.
d.
attract more talented military commanders.
e.
capture Washington, D.C.

Answer 26

C

Question 27

The greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War was its
a.
military leadership.
b.
navy.
c.
slave population.
d.
economy.
e.
political system.

Answer 27

D

Question 28

Much of the hunger experienced by Confederate soldiers in the Civil War was due to
a.
poor agricultural production.
b.
the Union’s naval blockade.
c.
the South’s rickety transportation system.
d.
the fact that slaves abandoned the plantations.
e.
profiteering by military suppliers.

Answer 28

C

Question 29

To find effective high-level commanders, the Union
a.
took only top graduates of West Point.
b.
drew on its reserve officer training program.
c.
relied on the advice of foreign experts.
d.
did not let politics enter the decision-making process.
e.
used trial and error.

Answer 29

E

Question 30

A supposed asset for the South at the beginning of the Civil War that never materialized to its real advantage was
a.
effective military leadership.
b.
intervention from Britain and France.
c.
the fighting skill of Southern males.
d.
its ability to fight on its own soil.
e.
its belief that it was defending its way of life.

Answer 30

B

Question 31

Most working people in Britain sided with the North because
a.
they relied on the Northern economy for their own jobs.
b.
the North shared their feelings about whether Britain should enter the war.
c.
they had been moved by Uncle Tom’s Cabin to want the end of slavery
d.
they hoped to one day have the opportunity to relocate to and profit in the U.S.
e.
France had sided with the South and they hated the French.

Answer 31

C

Question 32

The South believed that the British would come to its aid because
a.
the people in Britain would demand such action.
b.
British Canada was strongly hostile to the Union.
c.
Britain still had slavery in its empire.
d.
the government had refused to allow Uncle Tom’s Cabin to be sold in the empire.
e.
Britain was dependent on Southern cotton.

Answer 32

E

Question 33

Napoleon III’s attempt to install Maximilian on the Mexican throne was a clear violation of
a.
French neutrality.
b.
the Rush-Bagot agreement.
c.
Spanish sovereignty.
d.
the Monroe Doctrine.
e.
Pan-American treaties.

Answer 33

D

Question 34

The Southern cause was weakened by
a.
the concept of states’ rights that the Confederacy professed.
b.
a president, Jefferson Davis, who catered to public opinion and did not work hard at his job.
c.
the failure of the Southern people to commit to the ideal of Southern independence.
d.
a lack of sound military leadership.
e.
the constant threat of slave rebellion.

Answer 34

A

Question 35

As leader of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis
a.
enjoyed real personal popularity despite the South’s loss.
b.
was a poor administrator.
c.
developed a good relationship with his congress.
d.
effectively articulated southern ideals.
e.
defied rather than was led by public opinion.

Answer 35

E

Question 36

The problems that Abraham Lincoln experienced as president were less prostrating than those experienced by Jefferson Davis partly because the North
a.
had a long-established and fully recognized government.
b.
had strong political support from Britain and France.
c.
held firm to states’ rights principles.
d.
was united in the cause of abolitionism.
e.
had fewer internal political divisions.

Answer 36

A

Question 37

As president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis did not exercise the arbitrary power wielded by Abraham Lincoln because
a.
of the South’s emphasis on states’ rights.
b.
there was such strong agreement on policy in the South.
c.
he did not believe in strong executive action.
d.
Lee’s insistence on keeping his army out of politics.
e.
the Confederate Constitution gave him all the power he needed.

Answer 37

A

Question 38

As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy
a.
became more dependent on international trade.
b.
saw industrial profits improve but agricultural profits fall.
c.
was notable for its honest and fair business practices.
d.
experienced considerable unemployment despite military manpower demands.
e.
greatly expanded its industrial and technological productivity.

Answer 38

E

Question 39

The Civil War was a women’s war in all of the following ways except
a.
as men left for war, women gained new job opportunities in government.
b.
military demand for shoes and clothing drew women into industrial employment.
c.
women were encouraged to run for office to fill political posts abandoned by men.
d.
women aided men on the battlefront as spies or by posing as male soldiers
e.
women were able to professionalize nursing.

Answer 39

C

Question 40

Despite the war, 300,000 people migrated to the West, lured mainly by
a.
the prospect of free land under the Homestead Act.
b.
the ability to push Indians off their land without government interference.
c.
the opportunity to flee from federal draft laws.
d.
the hope of fleeing slavery.
e.
None of these

Answer 40

A

Question 41

To help pay for the Civil War, both the North and the South
a.
raised taxes.
b.
printed paper currency.
c.
sold bonds.
d.
imposed high protective tariffs.
e.
borrowed from foreign governments.

Answer 41

ABC

Question 42

To fill the army’s demand for troops, prior to 1863, the North relied mainly on
a.
the draft.
b.
bounty brokers.
c.
substitute brokers.
d.
volunteers.
e.
foreign mercenaries.

Answer 42

D