Chapter 8/9

Question 1

Articles of Confederation

Answer 1

First American constitution that created a loose confederation of states under a weak national government

Question 2

Land Ordinance of 1785

Answer 2

Provided for sale of land in the Old Northwest and earmarked the proceeds toward repaying the national debt

Question 3

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 3

Created a policy for administering the Northwest Territories; included path to statehood and restricted expansion of slavery into the territories

Question 4

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 4

Armed uprising of western Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and an end to property foreclosures; inspired fears of mob rule among Revolutionaries

Question 5

Constitutional Convention

Answer 5

Meeting of delegates in Philadelphia in 1787 to devise a new government for America

Question 6

Virginia Plan

Answer 6

Large state plan that called for proportional representation in a bicameral legislature

Question 7

New Jersey Plan

Answer 7

Small state plan that, fearing the power of large states, proposed equal representation by state regardless of population in a unicameral legislature

Question 8

Great Compromise

Answer 8

Measure that reconciled the New Jersey and Virginia plans where states were given proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate

Question 9

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 9

Determined that each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for apportioning taxes and for congressional representation

Question 10

The Federalist

Answer 10

Collection of essays written by John Jay, Madison, and Hamilton in support of ratifying Constitution

Question 11

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Answer 11

Measure enacted by Virginia legislatures prohibiting state support for religious institutions and recognizing freedom of worship

Question 12

Republican Motherhood

Answer 12

Ideal of family organization and female behavior after American revolution stressing role of women in guiding family members towards republican virtue

Question 13

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 13

Organized the federal legal system, established the Supreme Court, federal district/circuit courts, and office of the attorney general

Question 14

Assumption

Answer 14

The act when all state debts were transferred to the national government, thereby strengthening the union

Question 15

Excise Tax

Answer 15

A tax on goods produced domestically

Question 16

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 16

Popular uprising in southwestern Pennsylvania against an excise tax on whiskey that was put down by George Washington and militia soldiers

Question 17

Neutrality Proclamation

Answer 17

Issues by George Washington, it proclaimed America’s formal neutrality in the escalating conflict between England and France

Question 18

Jay’s Treaty

Answer 18

Included a British promise to evacuate outposts on US soil and pay for damaged ships in exchange for the US repaying pre-Revolutionary war debts and following Britain’s anti-French trade policies

Question 19

Pinckney’s Treaty

Answer 19

Signed with Spain that granted Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River and the disputed treaty of Florida

Question 20

George Washington’s Farewell Address

Answer 20

Warned against “permanent alliances” with other nations and avoiding foreign wars

Question 21

The XYZ Affair

Answer 21

Diplomatic conflict between France and the U.S. when American envoys to France were asked to pay a hefty bribe for the privilege of meeting the French foreign minister

Question 22

Alien Laws

Answer 22

Acts passed by a Federalist Congress that raised the residences requirement for citizenship to fourteen years and granted the president the power to deport foreigners in times of peace

Question 23

Sedition Act

Answer 23

Enacted by the Federalist Congress to clamp down on Jeffersonian opposition, this law made anyone convicted of defaming government officials liable to imprisonment

Question 24

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

Answer 24

Statements drafted by Jefferson and Madison that argued that states could determine whether the federal government overstepped its boundaries and could therefore nullify any legislation they deemed unconstitutional