18.1 Glycolysis Flashcards
What is the energy produced in respiration used for? (1 mark)
The synthesis of ATP
Where does glycolysis occur? (1 mark)
In the cytoplasm of the cell
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? (1 mark)
Anaerobic
Describe what happens in glycolysis. (8 marks)
- Phosphorylation: Glucose combines with the two phosphates from two ATP molecules to form hexose biphosphate.
- Lysis: The hexose biphosphate is unstable so its splits into two triose phosphate molecules.
- Phosphorylation: The triose phosphate molecules bind with another phosphate each to form two molecules of triose biphosphate.
- Dehydrogenation and formation of ATP: The triose biphosphate molecules then undergo dehydrogenation to form two pyruvate molecules, four phosphates, and two hydrogens.
What is phosphorylation? (1 mark)
The adding of phosphate to a molecule.
At the end of glycolysis, four phosphates are produced, what are these used to make, and what is this substance used for? (2 marks)
They bind with ADP to form ATP.
Two of these ATP molecules are used at the beginning of the process.
Why is the overall ATP yield of glycolysis two and not four? (1 mark)
Because two of the ATP molecules produced are used at the start of the process (they react with glucose).
What is substrate level phosphorylation? (2 marks)
The formation of ATP without the involvement of an electron transport chain/ involving the transfer of a phosphate group from a short-lived, highly reactive intermediate.
What does the hexose biphosphate split into, and why does it split? (2 marks)
Two triose phosphate molecules.
Hexose biphosphate splits because it is unstable.
How is hexose biphosphate made? (1 mark)
Glucose combines with the two phosphates from two ATP molecules to form hexose biphosphate.
When triose biphosphate undergoes dehydrogenation, what does it produce? (3 marks)
Two pyruvates
Four phosphates
Two hydrogens
