The major organs & their hormones

Question 1

The ….. is a collection of specialised cells that is located in the lower cntrl part of the brain, below the thalamus.

Answer 1

hypothalamus. It is the primary link between the endocrine & nervous systems.

Question 2

Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the ….. gland by producing stimulatory chemicals, called releasing hormones.

Answer 2

pituitary gland - the releasing hormones either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary.

Question 3

Hypothalamus - which hormone stimulates release of adrenocorticotrophin hormone?

Answer 3

corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 4

Hypothalamus - which hormone stimulates release of growth hormone?

Answer 4

growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Question 5

Hypothalamus - which hormone stimulates release of Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinising Hormone (LH)

Answer 5

gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 6

Hypothalamus - which hormone stimulates release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) & prolactin?

Answer 6

thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 7

Hypothalamus - which hormone inhibits release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) & glucagon?

Answer 7

somatostatin

Question 8

Hypothalamus - which hormone inhibits release of prolactin?

Answer 8

dopamine

Question 9

The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland by the?

Answer 9

infundibulum

Question 10

Which gland is considered the most important part of the endocrine system?

Answer 10

pituitary gland - it is often called the “master gland” because it makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands.

Question 11

Which part of the pituitary regulates activity of the thyroid, adrenal & reproductive glands?

Answer 11

anterior lobe or adenohypophysis.

Question 12

Adenohypophysis - which hormone stimulates the growth of bone & other body tissues.

Answer 12

growth hormone (GH) or stomatotropin. also plays a role in the bodys handling of nutrients & minerals.

Question 13

Adenohypophysis - which hormone activates milk production in women who are breastfeeding?

Answer 13

prolactin (PRL or PR)

Question 14

Adenohypophysis - which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Answer 14

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotrophin.

Question 15

Adenohypophysis - which hormone stimulates production of ova in women and sperm in men?

Answer 15

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 16

Adenohypophysis - which hormone stimulates the release of ova & production of progesterone in women & secretion of testosterone in men.

Answer 16

luteinising hormone

Question 17

Adenohypophysis - which hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to produce corticosteroid hormones?

Answer 17

adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Question 18

Adenohypophysis - which hormone stimulates the production of the pigment melanin responsible for skin & hair colour?

Answer 18

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and also acts as a neurotransmitter in connection with sexual arousal & appetite.

Question 19

Adenohypophysis - which hormone promotes fat utilisation in the body & is a precursor to endorphins, chemicals that act on the nervous system to reduce sensitivity to pain?

Answer 19

lipotrophin (LPH)

Question 20

The ….. is a physical extension of the hypothalamus?

Answer 20

neurohypophysis. It is composed of nervous tissue.

Question 21

Hormones are synthesised (put together) in the hypothalamus and stored & secreted from the …. into the bloodsteam?

Answer 21

posterior lobe or neurohypophysis

Question 22

Neurohypophysis - which hormone helps control body water balance thru its effect on the kidneys & urine output?

Answer 22

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin

Question 23

Neurohypophysis - which hormone triggers the contractions of the uterus that occur during labour and lactation?

Answer 23

oxytocin (OT)

Question 24

What is the largest pure endocrine gland (i.e. does not have other non-endocrine functions in the body)?

Answer 24

thyroid gland. Thyroid is greek for shield.

Question 25

The thyroid has two lobes connected by an ??

Answer 25

isthmus

Question 26

Thyroid Gland - what is the protein-rich material which absorbs & stores iodine ions from the body called?

Answer 26

colloid. The thyroid consists of multiple follicles which encircle the colloid.

Question 27

The thyroid gland produces the thyroid hormone T4 and the full name is?

Answer 27

thyroxine

Question 28

The thyroid gland produces the thyroid hormone T3 and the full name is?

Answer 28

triiodothyronine

Question 29

The production and release of thyroid hormones is controlled by TSH?

Answer 29

Thyroid stimulating hormone.

Question 30

Thyroid - which hormones control the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to produce energy?

Answer 30

thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3)

Question 31

….. which is obtained from food is critical to the synthesising of T4 & T3.

Answer 31

iodine.

Question 32

What is another hormone which is produced in the parafollicular cells of the thyroid?

Answer 32

Calcitonin.

Question 33

Thyroid - which hormone stimulates the movement of calcium from the blood to the bones.

Answer 33

calcitonin

Question 34

Thyroid - which hormone inhibits the activity of osteoclasts which take calcium from the bones?

Answer 34

calcitonin. it also prevents the kidneys tubules from absorbing calcium from the blood thereby excreting it in urine.