Immune Exam Flashcards
- s/s of hypovolemic shock
P.271
s/s
-sudden reduction in total blood volume
-RBC count and hematocrit drop to half the normal range
- know what is DIC? (Disseminated intravascular coagulation)
-Disseminated intravascular coagulation- is a grave coagulopathy resulting from the overstimulation of clotting and anticlotting processes in response to disease or injury, including septicemia, obstetric complication, malignancies, tissue trauma, transfusion reaction, burns, shock, and snake bites. pg. 289
- # 1 thing to do to prevent any infection
handwashing
- know why do you get immunization?
theory: controlled exposure to a disease-producing pathogen develops antibodies while preventing disease
- What is cyclosporine?
Cyclosporine and cyclosporine (modified) are used with other medications to prevent transplant rejection (attack of the transplanted organ by the immune system of the person who received the organ) in people who have received kidney, liver, and heart transplants. Cyclosporine (modified) is also used alone or with methotrexate (Rheumatrex) to treat the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (arthritis caused by swelling of the lining of the joints) in patients whose symptoms were not relieved by methotrexate alone. Cyclosporine (modified) is also used to treat psoriasis (a skin disease in which red, scaly patches form on some areas of the body) in certain patients who have not been helped by other treatments. Cyclosporine and cyclosporine (modified) are in a class of medications called immunosuppressants. They work by decreasing the activity of the immune system.
- When a pt is allergic to bee sting, know what action to take to prevent it?
- Prevent bees. Avoid the situation.
- What intervention to take when you have Hodgkin’s disease and they are itching a lot?
- Use cold compresses to the area to elevate the itchiness
- administer skin care by baths and keep patient clean and dry.
- apply calamine lotion, cornstarch, sodium bicarbonate, and medicated powders to relieve pruritus.
- maintain adequate humidity and a cool room to decrease pruritus.
- What are cell-mediated responses?
aka cell-mediated immunity p.722 (hypersensitivity reactions) mechanism of acquired immunity characterized by dominant role of small T cells
- What is an antigen?
a substance recognized by the body as a foreign that can trigger an immune response
- Know s/s of Kaposi sarcoma?
Pg. 751
-Mucous membranes characterized by blue, red, or purple raised lesions.
-Diarrhea
Hyperpigmented lesions of mouth and GI tract
-GI bleeding
- What are the common allergens that cause anaphylaxis?
Milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, sesame, fish, shellfish, wheat and soy are the most common food triggers, which cause 90 percent of allergic reactions; however, any food can trigger anaphylaxis. It is important to understand that in some people even very small amounts of food can cause a life-threatening reaction.
- If a pt has leukemia, know what item would you put in a care plan?
(table 7-1 pg 285)
- inspect body site for any infections daily
- report and note fever, sore throat, purulent exudate, chills, cough, burning with urination, and pain
- monitor VS
- obtain cultures as ordered
- administer antibiotics as needed
- monitor WBC count and culture reports
- maintain hygiene integrity of skin and mucous membranes
- use aseptic technique in treatments
- avoid people/crowds with infections when WBC count is less than 1000
- patient teaching about s/s of infection, personal hygiene
- Pt is taking iron, what kinds of things should you tell them about iron?
- Iron should be taken an hour before meals
- take iron with vitamin c or orange juice to enhance iron absorption
- iron can turn stools green to black
- can cause constipation or diarrhea so record color and amount
- elixir may stain teeth
- s/s: GI upset such as nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea
- diarrhea and nausea must be reported to the physician
- Pt has pernicious anemia, what medication are they going to be on for the rest of their life?
life-time therapy of Vitamin B12
diet high in vitamin B12
- Pt has been exposed to AIDS, know how long will it take before they know they have HIV?
-The viral set point, or stabilizing of the viral load, is then reached 4 to 6 months after exposure. (pg.745)
- Pt is HIV positive, when will they get aids?
-People move from being infected with HIV to an AIDS diagnosis within 3 yrs. (pg. 744)
- Know how HIV causes AIDS?
AIDS is the end stage or terminal phase of HIV infection
HIV destroys the body’s ability to fight infections
the amount of virus is detectable in the blood increases rapidly and remains high despite pharmacologic interventions
After HIV is in the body, it attacks and destroys CD4+ cells, which are the part of the body’s immune system that fights infection and disease. When HIV weakens or destroys the immune cells, it may lead to certain illnesses or diseases, such as some types of pneumonia or cancer that are more likely to develop in someone who has a weakened immune system. These conditions are a sign that HIV has progressed to AIDS
- What is the most common method of transmission for HIV?
sexual intercourse
In, United States one half of HIV infection are linked to injection drug use, as well
- Pt is on Coumadin, what specifically lab test need to be monitored?
-Coagulation panel. (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR)
Thrombin Time (TT) )
- Pt has Hodgkin’s disease; they are on medicine regiment, what is that?
-The standard chemotherapy regimens for Hodgkin’s disease are ABVD and Stanford V. ABVD consists of a 4-drug combination: Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) Bleomycin Vinblastine Dacarbazine Stanford V consists of a 7-drug combination: Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) Mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard) Vincristine Vinblastine Bleomycin Etoposide Prednisone
- What is aplastic anemia?
-Aplastic anemia is a condition in which the bone marrow does not make enough new blood cells. Bone marrow is the soft, fatty tissue in the center of bones. Pancytopenia- red blood cells, white cells, and platelets from the bone marrow are reduced or absent.
