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From Flashcardlet > Cardiovascular Exam > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Exam Flashcards

1
Q

If pt has an IV, and solution is being infused too fast, what condition can it lead to?

A

May lead to fluid overload of the circulatory system.

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2
Q

When someone has pulmonary edema and congestion, what classification of med is given?

A

Diuretics: Lasix, Bumex (IV)
Inotropic agents: Dobutamine (Dobutrex), Amrinone (Inocor)
Opioid analgesic: Morphine Sulfate
Vasodilator: Nitro

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3
Q

S/S of dig. Toxicity?

A 
Flu like symptoms
Confusion
Loss of appetite 
Nausea,Vomiting, Diarrhea
Palpitations
Visual Changes:
blind spots
blurred vision
changes in how colors look
seeing spots
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4
Q

When have a pt on diuretics, which lab values do you need to watch?

A

Electrolytes

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5
Q

What directions would you give a pt taking Nitro?

A

place under the tongue and leave until fully dissolved, do not swallow/ chew the medication
seek medical help immediately if pain is not relieved in 5 minutes after taking one dose of nitro
store medication in dark, tightly closed bottle
the client is instructed to take acetaminophen for a headache

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6
Q

What is a normal sinus rhythm (NSR) on an EKG strip?

A 
Rate: 60-100 bpm
P waves: precede each QRS complex
P-R interval: interval between atrial and ventricular repolarization
QRS complex: ventricular depolarization
 T- wave: ventricular repolarization
Rhythm: Regular
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7
Q

What would you do IMMEDIATELY when a pt is in v-fib?

A 
Call for help
Check response from pt
Check breathing and pulse
Begin CPR
Use the defibrillator
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8
Q

What is Imdur?

A

antianginal medication

decreases preload and afterload and reduces myocardial oxygen consumption

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9
Q

What lab would you need to look at when a pt is taking Heparin?

A

PTT

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10
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurism?

A

AAA- abdominal aortic aneurysm
when the large blood vessel (aorta) that supplies blood to the abdomen, pelvis, and legs becomes abnormally large or balloons outward.
Abd Aorta; Common iliac artery

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11
Q

What is Sclerotherapy?

A

-consists of injection of a sclerosing solution at the sites of varicosities. (Pg 365)

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12
Q

What is the therapeutic range for Prothrombin (PT)?

A

-2 - 3.5 therapeutic range

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13
Q

After someone has undergone cardiac catheterization, as a nurse you must assess the leg what is normal and what is abnormal?

A
  • pg 308
  • The head of the bed is not elevated to more than 30 degrees to keep the affected leg straight at the groin and prevent arterial occlusion
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14
Q

What is the anecdote for Coumadin?

A

Vitamin K

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15
Q

Types of Aneurisms?

A

Pg359
fusiform
Saccular
Dissecting

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16
Q

What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease?

A

-pg 322: risk factors are identified and corrected if possible. Precipitating factors: exposure to intense cold, strenuous exercise, smoking, heavy meals, and emotional distress.

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17
Q

What drug is given for ventricular tachycardia?

A

-pg317: procainamide and Amiodarone

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18
Q

S/S of angina?

A 
Pain; heaviness  or tightness of chest
often substernal or retrosternal
Pain may radiate
Often down L inner arm to little 
Also upward to shoulder and jaw
May feel like squeezing sensation or pressure
Women: Radiates to mid back or scapular region or abd
Feelings of indigestion
Dyspnea
Anxiety
Apprehension
Diaphoresis
Nausea
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19
Q

S/S of pulmonary edema?

A 
restlessness
vague uneasiness
agitation
disorientation
diaphoresis
severe dyspnea
tachypnea
tachycardia
pallor or cyanosis
cough production of large quantities of blood-tinged, frothy sputum
audible wheezing, crackles
cold extremities
20
Q

Which meds are used for venous thrombosis?

A

Anticoagulants: Heparin (lovenox), Warfarin (Coumadin) Fibrinolytics (Streptokinase)- to resolve thrombus

21
Q

What are the functions of inferior vena caval device is?

A

Filter?

22
Q

S/S of right-sided heart failure?

A

Right-sided heart failure is characterized by signs of systemic congestion that occur as a result of right ventricular failure, fluid retention, and pressure buildup in the venous system. Edema develops in the lower legs and ascends to the thighs and abdominal wall. Other characteristics include jugular (neck vein) congestion, enlarged liver and spleen, anorexia and nausea, distended abdomen, swollen hands and fingers, polyuria at night, and weight gain.

23
Q

What is Lipitor?

A

Antihyperlipidemic

Used to lower total cholesterol

24
Q

What is Raynaud’s disease?

A

Raynaud’s disease is a bilateral form of intermittent arteriolar spasm, which can be classified as obstructive or vasospastic. Episodes are characterized by pallor, cold, numbness, and possible cyanosis, followed by erythema, tingling, and aching pain in the fingers. Attacks are triggered by exposure to cold, nicotine, caffeine, trauma to the fingertips, and stress.

25
Q

If have a pt in sinus bradycardia, which part of the conduction system is this rhythm coming from?

A

SA Node

26
Q

Normal sinus rhythm?

A

P-wave precede every QRS
P-R interval
QRS
T wave rhythm regular

27
Q

What is Adenosine?

A

for cardiac dysrhythmias

slows conduction through AV node and restore normal sinus rhythm in patients with PVST

28
Q

Drug category for Pronestyl?

A

antiarrhythmic

29
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

an abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably

30
Q

What is an early symptom of pulmonary edema?

A

frothy sputum or sputum is blood-tinged

31
Q

What is drug classification for Lopressor?

A

beta blocker

32
Q

Which meds should a pt not be taking if on Heparin?

A

Aspirin

33
Q

What is drug Inderal?

A

Used for SVT

AKA Adenosine

34
Q

Pt who just had permanent pace maker put in right subclavian, what nursing action would you need to do to prevent complications?

A

Closely monitor HR and Rhythm by apical pulse & ECG patterns
Check VS and LOC until stable
Observe insertion site for erythema, edema, and tenderness: S/S of inf.

35
Q

Pt c/o chest pain, what is 1st nursing action to be taken?

A

ASSESSMENT: PQRST

36
Q

When someone is on Heart Failure, why are they put on a low sodium diet?

A

People with heart failure can improve their symptoms by reducing the amount of sodium in their diet. Eating too much salt causes the body to retain too much water, worsening the fluid build-up associated with heart failure. Following a low-salt diet helps control high blood pressure and edema, as well as decrease breathing difficulties for people who have heart failure.

37
Q

What is Aldactone?

A

Potassium- Sparring Diuretic

38
Q

What is a holter monitor?

A

pg 309

39
Q

If have a pt that is c/o of substernal chest pain radiating down arm, what lab test would be most useful to determine what’s going on?

A
  • ABG
  • CBC
  • BUN/ Creatinine
  • Chem Panel
40
Q

If have a pt w/stage 1 HTN, what teaching would you give pt?

A 
Disease process
Prescribed meds and side effects
Dietary restrictions
Exercise program
Relaxation Techniques
Sexual dys. as potential side effect of adrenergic inhibitors
Compliance w/ therapy & f/u appts. 
Encourage pt to promptly report any prob. to HCP for counseling
41
Q

If you just received and order to schedule pt for transesophageal Echocardiography, what is the 1st thing you need to do?

A

-get consent because it’s an invasive procedure

42
Q

What is the drug Mannitol?

A

-it’s an osmotic diuretic, used to reduce intracranial pressure, cerebral edema.
osmotic diuretic
treats early kidney failure by increasing urination. This helps the body get rid of extra fluids. Treats brain swelling and increased pressure in the eye. Also treats poisoning by increasing urination to remove toxins from the body.

43
Q

If have a pt with venous stasis ulcers, which meds are usually prescribed?

A

Vitamins A & C and mineral Zinc

Debridement: enzyme ointments such as fibrinolysin deoxyribonuclase

44
Q

If have a pt w/acute angina, which dx test will they do?

A 
ECG/EKG
Holter monitoring
Thallium 201 scanning 
PET
Coronary angiography
45
Q

If have a pt that has sinus tachycardia, what things may contribute to this?

A 
Fever
Shock
Meds (e.g.: Adrenaline)
Hyperthermia
Heart failure
Excessive caffeine
Tabacco use
46
Q

If you are about to defibrillate a pt, what nursing actions must you implement prior to doing so?

A

Make sure Oxygen is off

Make sure everyone is clear, no one touching body

From Flashcardlet (17 decks)

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