187 Flashcards
(42 cards)
What was the first battle which Morroco fought in the invasion of Songhay? What cities did Al-Mansur go on to capture
The battle of Tondibi fought in the 12the of MArch in 1591.
Morrocco went on to capture Timbuktu and Jenne.
When di enthusiasm for moroccan occupation of the Sub-saharan empire wane
with the death of Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur in 1603. Nevertheless a presence remained on the Niger in th 17th century.
Who were the Arma?
Moroccans who remained in the Songhay and settled down as military governors by the mid seventeenth century they were acting independently and ceased sending tribute to the Sultan of Morrocco.
When did Arma rule collapse?
in 1737 when the Tuareg seized Timbuctoo and established their own control over the valuable grasslands of the middle Niger Bend,
When the fromer empire of Songhay split up, what was one of the more important of these kingdoms?
The Bamana Kingdom of Segu in the upper region of the Niger delta came under strong Sudanic muslim influence
What did Scotch explorer Mungo Park say of the Kingdom of Segu in 1796?
He noted that “Moorish mosques are seen in every quarter” and said “the view of this extensive city, the numerous canoes upon the river,,, fromed atogether a prospect of civilization and magnificence which I little expected to find in the bosom of Africa.
In what years did the Portuguese arrive off the coast of west central Africa?
the 1480s
What did the king of Kongo hope to get out of a relationship with the Portuguese?
teachers, craftsmen, arms and mercenaries
What di the Portuguese initially hope to get out of a relationship with the Kongo?
precious metals and spices
What turned out to be the most valuable item in the basically agricultural economy of Kongo
labor
In What year di a Kongolese Christian convert, backed by the Portuguese, seize the throne? wwhn?
- Alfonso 1
in what manner did Alfonso develop Christianity?
Along the lines of a royal religious cult, which increased his authority at the expense of regional religions.
What was the effect of Alfonso’s wars of conquest, supported by Potugueuse mercenaries and guns?
th production of captives who were sold at Sao Tome
What was Sao Tome?
an island used by the Portuguese to grow sugar. discovered along with principe in the 1480s
What did settlers of Sao Tome promote in order to increase supply of captives
promoted local wars of resistance to Alfonso
What increased the demand for captives in the 1530s?
the development of the Trans-atlantic slave trade.
In what years did the kingdom of Kongo suffer an invasion from the east? Who were the invaders?
1568-9 the Jaga
In what year was the Kongo king reinstated by the Portuguese with the aid of Sao Tome mercenaries? Who was the King at this point>
Alvaro 1. 1574.
What was the state of the King’s authority after 1574?
in decline. He became ever more dependent on the export of captives in exchange for Portuguese military support.
who were the pombeiros?
the term originally referred to professional African and Afro-European slavers who developed an alternative slaving route between the Kongolese interior and the Atlantic coast. Later the name came to be used as a general term for most of the professional traders of west-central Africa.
From what time di sao tome develop as a major transit point for captives being transported across the Atlantic to the new plantations in Brazil?
1530s
How did the Sao Tome slavers evade Portuguese royal control?
by establishing a slaving station at Luanda from which they purchased captives from the Ngola of Ndongo, the southern rival kingdom to Kongo.
What modern day country does Nyongo correlate with?
Angola
The Portuguese decided to attempt an invasion of Nyongo. By what time did resistance and diseases forestall the invasion
the late 1580s
