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A&P 2 Lab > A&P 2 Unit 11 [Part 2] (Lab) [Muscles Part 2] > Flashcards

A&P 2 Unit 11 [Part 2] (Lab) [Muscles Part 2] Flashcards

1
Q

2Which two bones articulate at the shoulder joint?

A

Scapula & Humerus

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2
Q

Muscles that move the arm insert on the _____?

A

Humerus

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3
Q

Does the shoulder joint have more or less range of motion (ROM) than the elbow joint?

A

More ROM

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4
Q

Is the shoulder joint more or less stable than the elbow joint?

A

Less stable

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5
Q

What is the relationship between ROM and Stability?

A

ROM and stability are a “trade-off” at a joint. The greater a joint’s ROM, the less its stability. The more stable a joint, the less ROM it exhibits.

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6
Q

What happens during shoulder abduction?

A

During shoulder abduction, the greater tubercle of the humerus must avoid hitting the acromion process of the scapula. During internal rotation, the greater tubercle is brought near the acromion during abduction, limiting your comfort and ROM.

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7
Q

*Deltoid

A
  • Superficial muscle, covering the shoulder joint on 3 sides
  • Functionally divided into Anterior Deltoid, Middle Deltoid, Posterior Deltoid
  • Runs from clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine to humerus
  • All 3 portions can perform shoulder abduction
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8
Q

*Anterior Deltoid (Actions)

A
  • Flexion
  • Internal Rotation
  • Horizontal Adduction
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9
Q

*Posterior Deltoid (Actions)

A
  • Extension
  • Hyperextension
  • External Rotation
  • Horizontal Abduction
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10
Q

*Middle Deltoid (Actions)

A
  • Abduction
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11
Q

*

A

Deltoid

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12
Q

Supraspinatus

A
  • Runs from supraspinous fossa of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus
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13
Q

Supraspinatus (Actions)

A
  • Abduction
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14
Q
A

Supraspinatus

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15
Q

*Pectoralis major

A
  • Large, superficial chest muscle, running from clavicle, sternum, and rib cartilages to greater tubercle of humerus
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16
Q

*Pectoralis major (Actions)

A
  • Flexion
  • Adduction
  • Internal Rotation
  • Horizontal Adduction
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17
Q

*

A

Pectoralis major

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18
Q

*Latissimus Dorsi

A
  • Broad, posterior muscle; expansive origin
  • Wraps around the medial aspect of the humerus, inserting on its anterior surface
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19
Q

*Latissimus Dorsi (Actions)

A
  • Extension
  • Hyperextension
  • Adduction
  • Internal Rotation
  • Horizontal Abduction
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20
Q

*

A

Latissimus Dorsi

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21
Q

Teres Major

A
  • The “little brother” of latissimus dorsi
  • Does everything its big brother can do, except it cannot help hyperextend
  • Smaller and less powerful than its big brother
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22
Q

Teres Major (Actions)

A
  • Shoulder extension
  • Shoulder adduction
  • Shoulder internal rotation
  • Shoulder horizontal abduction
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23
Q
A

Teres Major

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24
Q

Infraspinatus & Teres Minor

A
  • Partners together- very similar in location & function
  • Run from infraspinous fossa of scapula to humerus
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25
Q

Infraspinatus & Teres Minor (Actions)

A
  • External Rotation
  • Horizontal Abduction
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26
Q
A

Infraspinatus

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27
Q
A

Teres Minor

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28
Q

Subscapularis

A
  • Runs from subscapular fossa of scapula (against ribcage) to humerus
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29
Q

Subscapularis (Action)

A

Internal Rotation

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30
Q
A

Subscapularis

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31
Q

Coracobrachialis

A
  • Runs nearly vertically from coracoid process of scapula to medial shaft of humerus
  • Stabilizes the shoulder joint by “snugging” the head of the humerus against glenoid fossa (adduction)
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32
Q
A

Coracobrachialis

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33
Q

Rotator Cuff

A
  • “SITS”
  • The totator cuff is a tendinous band formed by the insertions of 4 shoulder muscles on the humerus. Together, they envelop the shoulder joint.
  • These muscles work hard during any movements involving shoulder abduction, keeping the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa, essentially preventing shoulder dislocation.
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34
Q

First S (S.I.T.S.)

A

Supraspinatus

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35
Q

I (S.I.T.S.)

A

Infraspinatus

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36
Q

T (S.I.T.S.)

A

Teres Minor

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37
Q

Last S (S.I.T.S.)

A

Subscapularis

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38
Q

Impingement Syndrome

A

Compression of soft tissues, such as the rotator cuff muscles, against the acromial arch; results from overuse, especially hyperextension, abduction

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39
Q

Torn Rotator Cuff

A

Tears of any tendinous insertion(s) of SITS from the humerus

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40
Q

Glenohumeral Subluxation

A

A partial dislocation of the shoulder joint, commonly seen in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Shoulder paralysis leaves them unable to hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa against gravity & the weight of the arm.

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41
Q

Swooping a spoonful of soup and bringing it to your mouth. (Elbow)

A

Flexion

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42
Q

Swooping a spoonful of soup and bringing it to your mouth. (Forearm)

A

Supination

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43
Q

Elbow “Straightened”, turning a knob counterclockwise with right hand (Forearm)

A

Pronation

44
Q

Turning a knob counterclockwise with yout left hand. (Forearm)

A

Supination

45
Q

Muscles that pronate or supinate the forearm INSERT on the ______ (bone)

A

Radius

46
Q

Which forearm bone is rotating at the radioulnar joint during pronation & supination?

A

Radius

47
Q

Conclusion about gender differences in the carrying angle.

A

Women have a larger carrying angle

48
Q

What is the advantage of the carrying angle during walking?

A

To not hit the hips

49
Q

Carrying Angle

A

A small angle between the longitudinal axes of the humerus & forearm in anatomical position, with elbow fully extended.

50
Q

Brachialis

A

Elbow Flexion

51
Q

Behind Long Muscle

A

Brachialis

52
Q

*Biceps Brachii

A
  • Elbow Flexion
  • Forearm Supination
53
Q

*

A

Biceps Brachii

54
Q

*Triceps Brachii

A

Elbow Extension

55
Q

*

A

Triceps Brachii

56
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Elbow Flexion

57
Q
A

Brachioradialis

58
Q

The muscles that flex the elbow, wrist, & fingers are located along the ____ surface of the upper limb.

A

Anterior

59
Q

The muscle that extend the elbow, wrist, & fingers are located along the ____ surface of the upper limb.

A

Posterior

60
Q

Which other joint structurally & functionally resembles the hip?

A

Shoulder

61
Q

Comparing the hip & shoulder, which has more ROM?

A

Shoulder

62
Q

Comparing the hip & shoulder, which is more stable?

A

Hip

63
Q

Hip flexors are located along the ____ surface of the thigh.

A

Anterior

64
Q

Hip extensors are located along the ____ surface of the thigh.

A

Posterior

65
Q

Hip adductors are located along the ____ surface of the thigh.

A

Medial

66
Q

Hip abductors are located along the ____ surface of the thigh.

A

Lateral

67
Q

Iliopsoas

A
  • Iliacus & Psoas Major
  • Hip flexion
68
Q
A

Iliopsoas

69
Q

*Rectus Femoris

A

Hip flexion & knee extension

70
Q

*

A

Rectus Femoris

71
Q

Sartorius

A
  • Hip flexion
  • Lateral rotation
  • Abduction
  • Knee flexion
  • Allows you to sit “cross-legged”
  • Largest muscle in the body
72
Q
A

Sartorius

73
Q

Gracilis

A

Hip adduction

74
Q
A

Gracilis

75
Q

*Gluteus Maximus

A
  • Hip Extension
  • Hyperextension
  • Lateral Rotation
76
Q

*

A

Gluteus Maximus Cut

77
Q

*“Hamstrings” Group

A
  • Biceps Femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
78
Q

*Biceps Femoris

A
  • Hip extension
  • Knee flexion
79
Q

*

A

Biceps Femoris

80
Q

*Semimembranosus

A
  • Hip extension
  • Knee flexion
81
Q

*

A

Semimembranosus

82
Q

*Semitendinosus

A
  • Hip extension
  • Knee flexion
83
Q

*

A

Semitendinosus

84
Q

Which hip muscle, based on action & size, is the “powerhouse” of standing from seated position?

A

Gluteus Maximus

85
Q

Which 2 joints does rectus femoris cross (& therefore it can move)?

A

Hip & Knee

86
Q

What group of 3 muscles crosses the hip & knee along the posterior thigh?

A

Hamstrings

87
Q

Muscles that move the knee

A
  • Rectus Femoris
  • Vastus Lateralis
  • Vastus Medialis
  • Vastus Intermedius
  • “Hamstrings” Group
  • Gastrocnemius
88
Q

*Quadriceps Femoris

A
  • Rectus Femoris
  • Vastus Lateralis
  • Vastus Medialis
  • Vastus Intermedius
89
Q

*Vastus Lateralis

A

Knee Extension

90
Q

*

A

Vastus Lateralis

91
Q

*Vastus Medialis

A

Knee extension

92
Q

*

A

Vastus Medialis

93
Q

*Vastus Intermedius

A

Knee Extension

94
Q

*

A

Vastus Intermedius

95
Q

*Gastrocnemius

A
  • Knee flexion
  • Ankle plantarflexion
96
Q

*

A

Gastrocnemius

97
Q

Why can rectus femoris move both the hip & knee, but the other muscles in the quadriceps group can only move the knee?

A

Rectus femoris crosses both joints. The others just cross the knee.

98
Q

Which muscle forms the superficial “calf” of the leg?

A

Gastrocenemius

99
Q

On which surface of the leg are muscles located that cause plantarflexion?

A

Posterior

100
Q

On which surface of the leg are muscles located that cause dorsiflexion?

A

Anterior

101
Q

Muscles of the Shoulder Joint

A
  • Deltoid
  • Supraspinatus
  • Pectoralis Major
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Teres Major
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
  • Subscapularis
  • Coracobrachialis
102
Q

Muscles of the Elbow and Forearm

A
  • Brachialis
  • Biceps Brachii
  • Brachioradialis
  • Triceps Brachii
103
Q

Muscles of the Hip

A
  • Iliopsoas
  • Rectus Femoris
  • Sartorius
  • Gracilis
  • Gluteus Maximus
  • Hamstrings Group
    • Semimembranosus
    • Semitendinosus
    • Biceps Femoris
104
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Pronates the forearm

105
Q

Supinator

A

Supinate the forearm

106
Q

Origin

A

Point of attachment of the muscle to the bone that usually doesn’t move when it contracts. (Stable point of attachment)

107
Q

Insertion

A

Muscle’s point of attachment that does move when it contracts.

A&P 2 Lab (13 decks)

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