1894-1914 Economic Development - Agricultural Flashcards
How much of the population did agriculture provide a livelihood for?
84% - often became sacrificial to increase urban working production though.
What was the key factor in the acceleration of the agricultural economy?
Stolypin’s appointment to Minister for Internal Affairs in 1906.
What decrease in average holding was caused by sub-division of estates over time?
35 hectares in 1894 to 28 hectares in 1905.
What was the sub-division of estates?
Where as a new boy turned 18, he would inherit a share of the land - cutting down everyone else’s % of the land.
Which government initiative failed in 1896?
Sponsored settlements in Siberia - failed as only 3.5M/97M took advantage so did little to affect overpopulation.
Which traditional agricultural practices continued?
Using a wooden plough, and techniques leaving fallow soil untouched, which was inefficient and the strip-farming system only made this worse.
What did Stolypin want to generate more of
Kulaks - they were the most successful farmers and served to uplift local economies.
By investing into the peasants, what did Stolypin hope to achieve?
Their undying loyalty to Stardom.
Develop the economy by creating an internal market.
What were the 1906 set of reforms?
Collective ownership abolished. Peasants can apply to withdraw land and consolidate it elsewhere, and the Peasant’s Land Bank was established to fund this.
What did Stolypin say he needed for these to be successful?
20 years of peace - interrupted by WW1
What was the increase in hereditary land ownership?
20% to 50%.
What did grain production increase to in 1914?
From 56M tons to 90M in 1914.
By 1909, what did R lead the world in?
cereal and grain exports.
How much more efficient were American and British farms than Russian farms?
American - 1.5x
British - 4x
What were the limitations of the 1906 reforms?
By 1914, only 1.3M/5M applications for consolidation were dealt with.
By 1914, only 10% of land became privately owned.
