1894-1914 Economic Development - Industrial

Question 1

Who was the Finance Minister who built off of Vyshnegradsky’s work and was in office 1891-1903?

Answer 1

Sergei Witte

Question 2

From 1894 to 1913, what was the economic growth rate?

Answer 2

8%

Question 3

How much did railways increase by?

Answer 3

Double

Question 4

What did coal output increase from?

Answer 4

183M puds - 671M puds

Question 5

While FDI soared, who provided 1/3 of all foreign capital?

Answer 5

France

Question 6

What was Witte’s mission statement?

Answer 6

To state-manage industrial growth, seeking capital, tech advisors and international managers.

Question 7

What was introduced in Jan 1897?

Answer 7

A new rouble.

Question 8

What was going on at this time that increased the domestic market?

Answer 8

Russian businesses accumulated enough capital for new startups. The State gained capital and used it to fund public works, develop infrastructure and develop mines, oilfields and forests.

Question 9

What % of railways were state-owned by 1903?

Answer 9

70%

Question 10

What % of metallurgical production did the State buy in 1903?

Answer 10

2/3

Question 11

What % of government income came from foreign investors 1903-1913?

Answer 11

Over 25%.

Question 12

How many km of railways were there in 1905?

Answer 12

59,616km.

Question 13

What % of railways were state-owned by 1905?

Answer 13

66%

Question 14

What did the expansion of railways allow for?

Answer 14

Allowed export and extensive exploitation of goods.
Stimulated development of iron and coal industries.
Transport costs lowered so goods cost less and the government profited off of charging fares.

Question 15

By 1913 where did Russia rank in global railway mileage?

Answer 15

2nd, with 62,200km.

Question 16

What was the increase in size of railway network 1905-1913?

Answer 16

59,616km - 62,200km

Question 17

What was the decrease in amount of railway that was state-owned from 1903-1905?

Answer 17

70%-66%

Question 18

How large was the Trans-Siberian railway and what did it allow for?

Answer 18

7000km and linked Moscow to the Pacific Ocean.

Question 19

What did Witte believe about heavy industry?

Answer 19

That by concentrating production in key areas and developing factory units of over 1000 workers each, big increases in heavy goods production would follow.

Question 20

How much of all coal and pig iron did the Donbas region produce?

Answer 20

87% of all coal and 74% of all pig iron.

Question 21

By 1914, where did Russia rank in global heavy industry output?

Answer 21

4th - behind UK, Ger, USA, Fra

Question 22

What was the significance of the growth of the Baku port?

Answer 22

There was an increase in export of key goods - oil export increased from 157M puds to 570M puds in 1913.

Question 23

What did the Baku port allow Russia to do?

Answer 23

Be internally self-sufficient, but also grow to compete in trade with the USA.

Question 24

What was the growth in light industry?

Answer 24

Grew to 40% of total industrial output.

Question 25

By 1914, where did Russia rank in industrial power?

Answer 25

5th - it is theorised that Barbarossa occurred to stop R overtaking Ger.