Notes-53

Question 0

Species diversity

Answer 0

& relative abundance of species in a biological community

Question 1

Community

Answer 1

• all organisms inhabiting a particular area

- population of different species living close enough for interaction

Question 2

Species richness

Answer 2

of species in a community

Question 3

Relative abundance

Answer 3

measure of the proportion of a species in the community as a whole

Question 4

Coevolution

Answer 4

Change in 1 species that acts as a selective force on another species

Question 5

Predation

Answer 5

Community interaction where 1 species, predator, eats another, prey

Question 6

Parasitoidism

Answer 6

• insects lay eggs on living host

- they hatch & feed on host

Question 7

Plant defense against herbivores

Answer 7

thorns, hooks, spines, crystals, & chemicals

Question 8

Animal defense against predators

Answer 8

-cryptic coloration, shape of animal, deceptive markings, & aposematic coloration

Question 9

Cryptic coloration

Answer 9

coloration making prey difficult to spot against surroundings

Question 10

Aposematic coloration

Answer 10

bright coloration that warns of effective physical or chemical defense

Question 11

Mimicry

Answer 11

mimic bears superficial resemblance to another species

Question 12

Batesian mimicry

Answer 12

harmless species mimics harmful one

Question 13

Mullerian mimicry

Answer 13

2 or more harmful, aposematic colored species resemble each other

Question 14

Parasitism

Answer 14

parasite takes nourishment from host which is harmed in some way

Question 15

Endoparasite

Answer 15

live w/ in host tissues or body cavity

Question 16

Ectoparasite

Answer 16

attach to or briefly feed on external surface of host

Question 17

Interspecific competition

Answer 17

2 or more species in community rely on similar limiting resources

Question 18

Interference competition

Answer 18

actual fighting

Question 19

Exploitative competition

Answer 19

consumption or use

Question 20

Ecological niche

Answer 20

sum total of organisms use of biotic & abiotic resources in its environment

Question 21

Fundamental niche

Answer 21

resources population is theoretically capable of using under ideal circumstances

Question 22

Realized niche

Answer 22

resources population actual uses

Question 23

Symbiosis

Answer 23

• form of interspecific interaction
• host species & a symbiont maintain close association
• commensalism, parasitism, or mutualism

Question 24

Commensalism

Answer 24

symbiont benefits & host is unaffected

Question 25

Mutualism

Answer 25

require evolution of adaptions in both species

Question 26

exotic species

Answer 26

species introduced into new environment by humans

Question 27

Ecological succession

Answer 27

• transition in species composition over ecological time

- primary & secondary

Question 28

Primary succession

Answer 28

areas barren of life bc lack of former soil or on rubble

Question 29

Secondary succession

Answer 29

existing community has been cleared by some disturbance that leaves soil intact

Question 30

Recruitment

Answer 30

colonization by species from distant areas not directly associated w/ the disturbed patch or its immediate vicinity

Question 31

dynamic equilibrium hypothesis

Answer 31

diversity depends mainly on effect of disturbance on the competitive interactions of populations

Question 32

intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Answer 32

species diversity is greatest where disturbances are moderate in frequency & severity bc organisms of several successional stages will be present

Question 33

Biogeography

Answer 33

study of past & present distribution of individual species & entire communities