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Sociology 102 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Beliefs

A

Definitions and explanations about what is assumed to be true.

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1
Q

Alienation

A

A sense of powerlessness and meaninglessness in people’s lives.

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2
Q

Bigamy

A

The criminal offense in the U.S. of marrying one person while still legally married to another.

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3
Q

Capitalism

A

An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods and services for profit in a competitive market.

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4
Q

Corporal Punishment

A

The intentional infliction of pain for perceived misbehavior.

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5
Q

Child Abuse

A

The physical or mental injury, sexual abuse, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child younger than age 18 by a person who is responsible for the child’s welfare.

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6
Q

Covenant Marriage

A

A type of marriage (offered in a few states) that requires premarital counseling and that permits divorce only under condition of fault or after a martial separation of more than two years.

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7
Q

Cycle of Abuse

A

A pattern of anise in which a violent or abusive episode is followed by a makeup period when the abuser expresses sorrow and asks for forgiveness and “one more chance,” before another instance of abuse occurs.

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8
Q

Divorce Mediation

A

A process in which divorcing couples meet with a neutral third party (mediator) who assists the individuals in resolving issues such as property division, child custody, child support, and spousal support in a way that minimizes conflict and encourages cooperation.

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9
Q

Domestic Partnership

A

A status granted to unmarked couples, including gay and lesbian couples, by some states, counties, cities, and workplaces that conveys various rights and responsibilities.

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10
Q

Drug

A

Any substance other than food that alters the structure or functioning of a living organism when it enters the bloodstream.

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11
Q

Elder Abuse

A

The physical or psychological abuse, financial exploitation, or medical abuse or neglect of the elderly.

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12
Q

Expressive Roles

A

Roles into which women are traditionally socialized (i.e. nurturing and emotionally supportive roles).

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13
Q

Family

A

A kinship system of all relatives living together or recognized as a social unit, including adopted people.

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14
Q

Gay

A

A term that can refer to either women or men who prefer same-sex partners.

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15
Q

Gender

A

The social definitions and expectations associated with being female or male.

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16
Q

Gender Roles

A

Patterns of socially defined behaviors and expectations associated with being female or male.

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17
Q

Individualism

A

The tendency to focus on one’s individual self-interests and personal happiness rather than on the interests of one’s family and community.

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18
Q

Institution

A

An established and enduring pattern of social relationships.

19
Q

Instrumental Roles

A

Roles into which men are traditionally socialized (i.e. task-orientated roles).

20
Q

Legalization

A

Making prohibited behaviors legal; for example, legalizing drug use or prostitution.

21
Q

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

A

Actual or threatened violent crimes committed against individuals by their current or former spouses, cohabiting partners, boyfriends, or girlfriends.

22
Q

Lesbian

A

A woman who prefers same-sex partners.

23
Q

Living Apart Together (LAT) Relationships

A

An emerging family form in which couples-married or unmarried-live apart in separate residences.

24
Q

Martial Decline Perspective

A

A pessimistic view of the current state or marriage that includes the beliefs that (1) personal happiness has become more important than martial commitment and family obligations, and (2) the decline in lifelong marriage and the increase in single-parent families have contributed to a variety of social problems.

25
Q

Martial Resiliency Perspective

A

A view of the current state of marriage that includes the beliefs that (1) poverty, unemployment, poorly funded schools, discrimination, and the lack of basic services represent more serious threats to the well-being of children and adults than does the decline in married two-parent families, and (2) divorce provides a second chance for happiness for adults and an escape from dysfunctional and aversive home environments for many children.

26
Q

No-Fault Divorce

A

A divorce that is granted based on the claim that there are irreconcilable differences within a marriage (as opposed to one spouse being legally at fault did the marital breakup).

27
Q

Neglect

A

A form of abuse involving the failure to provide adequate attention, supervision, nutrition, hygiene, health care, and a safe and clean living environment for a minor child or a dependent elderly individual.

28
Q

Polygamy

A

A form of marriage in which one person may have two or more spouses.

29
Q

Monogamy

A

Marriage between two partners; the only legal form of marriage in the U.S.

30
Q

Polygyny

A

A form of marriage in which one husband has more than one wife.

31
Q

Roles

A

The set of rights, obligations, and expectations associated with a status.

32
Q

Patriarchy

A

A male-dominated family system that is reflected in the tradition of wives taking their husband’s last name and children taking their father’s name.

33
Q

Sample

A

A portion of the population, selected to be representative so that the info from the sample can be generalized to a larger population.

34
Q

Parental Alienation

A

The intentional efforts of one patent to turn a child against the other parent and essentially destroy any positive relationship a child has with the other parent.

35
Q

Serial Monogamy

A

A succession of marriages in which a person has more than one spouse over a lifetime but is legally married to only one person at a time.

36
Q

Refined Divorce Rate

A

The number of divorces per 1,000 married women.

37
Q

Shaken Baby Syndrome

A

A form of child abuse whereby the caretaker shakes a baby to the point of causing the child to experience brain or retinal hemorrhage.

38
Q

Values

A

Social agreements about what is considered good and bad, right and wrong, desirable and undesirable.

39
Q

Polyandry

A

The concurrent marriage of one woman to two or more men.

40
Q

Second Shift

A

The household work and child care that employed parents (usually women) do when they return home from their jobs.

41
Q

Postmodernism

A

A worldview that questions the validity of rational thinking and the scientific enterprise.

42
Q

Structure

A

The way society is organized including institutions, social groups, statuses, and roles.

43
Q

Sex

A

A person’s biological classification as male or female.

44
Q

Status

A

A position that a person occupies within a social group.

45
Q

Wealth

A

The total assets of an individual or household minus liabilities.

Sociology 102 (4 decks)

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