Chapter 7

Question 0

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Answer 0

Legislation that provided an economic stimulus package of $787 billion to create and save jobs and to reinvigorate the U.S. economy.

Question 1

Alienation

Answer 1

A sense of powerlessness and meaninglessness in people’s lives.

Question 2

Automation

Answer 2

Dominant in an industrial society, the replacement of human labor with machinery and equipment that is self-operating.

Question 3

Behavior-based safety programs

Answer 3

A strategy used by business management that attributes health and safety problems in the workplace to workers’ behavior, rather than to work processes and conditions.

Question 4

Capitalism

Answer 4

An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods and services for the profit in a competitive market.

Question 5

Child labor

Answer 5

Involves children performing work that is hazardous, that interferes with a child’s education, or that harms a child’s health or physical, mental, social, or moral development.

Question 6

Chattel slavery

Answer 6

A form of slavery in which slaves are considered property that can be brought and sold.

Question 7

Compressed workweek

Answer 7

A work arrangement that allows employees to condense their work into fewer days.

Question 8

Developed countries

Answer 8

Countries that have relatively high gross national income per capita and have diverse economies made up of many different industries.

Question 9

Family

Answer 9

A kinship system of all relatives living together or recognized as a social unit, including adopted people.

Question 10

Corporatocracy

Answer 10

A system of government that serves the interests of corporations and that involves ties between government and business.

Question 11

Economic institution

Answer 11

The structure and means by which a society produces, distributes, and consumes goods and services.

Question 12

Flextime

Answer 12

A work arrangement that allows employees to begin and end the workday at different times so long as 40 hours per week are maintained.

Question 13

Free trade agreements

Answer 13

Pacts between two countries or among a group of countries that make it easier to trade goods across national boundaries by reducing or eliminating restrictions on exports and tariffs on imported goods an protecting intellectual property rights.

Question 14

Family an Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

Answer 14

A federal law rah requires public agencies and companies with 50 or more employees to provide eligible workers with up to 12 weeks of job-protected, unpaid leave so that they can care for an ill-child, spouse, or parent; stay home to care for their newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed child; or take time off when they are seriously ill, and up to 26 weeks of unpaid leave to care for a seriously ill or injured family member who is in the armed forces.

Question 15

Forced labor

Answer 15

Also known as slavery, any work that is performed under the threat of punishment and is undertaken involuntarily.

Question 16

Globalization

Answer 16

The growing economic, political, and social interconnectedness among societies throughout the world.

Question 17

Global economy

Answer 17

An interconnected network of economic activity that transcends national borders.

Question 18

Institution

Answer 18

An established and enduring pattern of social relationships.

Question 19

Industrialization

Answer 19

The replacement of hand tools, human labor, and animal labor with machines run by steam, gasoline, and electric power.

Question 20

Health

Answer 20

According to the World Health Organization, “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. “

Question 21

Job exportation

Answer 21

The relocation of jobs to other countries where products can be produced more cheaply.

Question 22

Job burnout

Answer 22

Prolonged job stress that can cause or contribute to high blood pressure, ulcers, headaches, anxiety, depression, and other health problems.

Question 23

Long-term unemployment rate

Answer 23

The share of the unemployed who have been out of work for 27 weeks or more.

Question 24

Labor unions

Answer 24

Worker advocacy organizations that developed to protect workers and represent them at negotiations between management and labor.

Question 25

McDonaldization

Answer 25

The process by which principles of the fast-food industry are being applied to more sectors of society, particularly the workplace.

Question 26

Recession

Answer 26

A significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy and lasting for at least six months.

Question 27

Sample

Answer 27

A portion of the population, selected to be representative so that the info from the sample can be generalized to a larger population.

Question 28

Sanctions

Answer 28

Social consequences for conforming to or violating norms.

Question 29

Postindustrialization

Answer 29

The shift from an industrial economy dominated by manufacturing jobs to an economy dominated by service-orientated, info-intensive occupations.

Question 30

Socialism

Answer 30

An economic system characterized by stage ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods and services.

Question 31

Structure

Answer 31

The way society is organized including institutions, social groups, statuses, and roles.

Question 32

Sweatshops

Answer 32

Work environment that are characterized by less-than-minimum wage pay, excessively long hours of work, unsafe or inhumane working conditions, abusive treatment of workers by employers, and/or the lack of worker organizations aimed to negotiate better working conditions.

Question 33

Symbol

Answer 33

Something that represents something else.

Question 34

Transnational corporations

Answer 34

Corporations that have their home base in one country and branches in other countries.

Question 35

Underemployment

Answer 35

Unemployed workers as well as (1) those working part-time but who wish to work full-time, (2) those who want to work but have been discouraged from searching by their lack of success, and (3) others who are neither working not seeking work but who want and are available to work and have looked for employment of workers with high skills and/or educational attainment working in low-skill or low-wage jobs.

Question 36

Unemployment insurance

Answer 36

A federal-state program that temporarily provides laid-off workers with a portion of their paychecks.

Question 37

Unemployment

Answer 37

To be currently without employment, actively seeking employment, and available for employment, according to U.S. measures of unemployment.

Question 38

Values

Answer 38

Social agreements about what is considered good and bad, right and wrong, desirable and undesirable.

Question 39

Workforce Investment Act

Answer 39

Legislation passed in 1998 that provides a wide array of programs and services designed to assist individuals to prepare for and find employment.